[Update: Howard French has also written a reply, below.]
Re: “One Man’s Rwanda: Philip Gourevitch softens some hard truths” by Tristan McConnell (CJR, January/February)
So CJR, having produced a piece whose sole purpose is to discredit me and my work, attached a note to it, concurring in an apology to me by its author, Tristan McConnell. To me that translates into plain English as saying the reporter can’t be trusted. Why? Because when McConnell interviewed me last September, he did not tell me it was for a piece about me. He said it was for something else—“about the changing media perception of Paul Kagame how attitudes toward Kagame have changed over the years.” McConnell represented the project the same way to the only other journalist he quotes who reported from Rwanda in the 1990s, Chris McGreal of The Guardian—and he used McGreal falsely in the piece, setting him up as if he were in opposition to me, and as if I disagree with what he says. Yes, I saw the killings of Hutus in the Congo by Rwandan army forces in 1996 and 1997 as a “worrying sign”—and yes, I believed, as most journalists who knew the situation in Eastern Congo firsthand at the time did, that the camps (and the mounting campaigns of terror that Hutu Power fighters from the camps were waging against Rwanda, and against Tutsis in the eastern Congo—a factor McConnell ignores) justified the invasion. The invasion, not the massacres. But McConnell never asked me about any of this. He never asked me about anything I’ve written, and never asked me to answer any criticisms. He pretends in the piece that I was “energetically” defending myself against accusations and then changing my mind, when I was, in fact, volunteering my longstanding approach to covering Kagame and Rwanda. No wonder the future of journalism is endlessly debated at journalism schools if this is how they do it at the best of them.
CJR calls itself a “watchdog and friend to the press,” and yet CJR wants you to believe that pretty much the entire international press corps in Central Africa took dictation from me for the past decade and a half. What a preposterous insult to so many journalists who risked their lives in the region. In reality, their work often inspired me.
Maybe I should really be thanking CJR and McConnell for recognizing my omnipotent domination of the media, and of the foreign policies of several great Western powers. After all, my subordination of all other points of view on Rwanda and the Congo wars to a facile fairytale—that Paul Kagame is “benign,” and that the story of post-genocide Rwanda is “beguiling”—has never before been fully appreciated.
Then I should thank also the former New York Times-man turned Columbia journalism professor, Howard French, who has labored for years to bestow the respectability of his credentials on the legend of my awesome reach as a Tutsi-loving, Jewish-influence peddler, and master player of the Holocaust card. French’s writing about me reads like a template for CJR’s piece: agenda-driven, systematically dishonest in method and in substance. And now French has been appointed to CJR’s Board of Overseers, where he’s charged with helping to guide the magazine’s editorial strategy. What a shame that CJR didn’t disclose this cozy relationship, which was established before the article appeared.
Now, CJR—on the defensive and after the fact—has invited me to respond. But what can you say about a piece that is such a porridge of innuendo and insinuation, misrepresentations and deliberate distortions? Its claim that controversy boils around me is conspicuously unsubstantiated. McConnell says I allowed Kagame, in 1997, to dismiss reports of massacres by his troops in Congo, when in fact I quote Kagame admitting such killings more than he ever had before. He says I was a booster of Meles Zenawi, about whom I’ve never written a single word, and of Laurent Kabila, about whom I never wrote a kind word. He says I count “justice” among Kagame’s many achievements, but in the article in question, I actually say that Kagame “clearly favors political expediency over justice.”
I am Rwandan American. When I first went to Gourevich's talk (about his fist book on Rwanda) I was so excited to see somebody who, I taugh cared about Rwanda. I was very disappointed that his narrative of what had taken place in Rwanda was so unbalanced. His account of what happened seemed mostly that of the ruling party, Kagame's RPF. It sounded like what the Ambassador would say. I was expecting a balanced view. He reproduced many stories from genocide survivors(Tutsi), told how the Interahamwe killed and raped Tutsi and he never said anything about what happened in Kibungo and Byumba provinces where whole Hutu villages were wiped out. WHere I am from, almost the whole commune was Hutu (I am Hutu myself). No one Tutsi was killed there. But when the RPF army came to town, all the men were called to meeting (more than 200) and not even 10 of them came back. My own father was killed by Kagame's troops: in 1994, he never fled Rwanda. When he sold his business in 1996, men in uniform came to the house & asked him to hand over all his money. He refused and they beat him until they believed he was going to die. He died a year later.
Gourevich never said anything about Hutus killed in Butare, Gisenyi, Ruhengeli. I have a friend from Byumba,he has lost almost everyone he knew. He is now here in the US. They were killed by RPF. People like Gourevich, Kagame need to know that power and money can help you sell your story, but time trascends all that. The truth(best friend of History) ends coming out. Maybe sometime, Hutus who lost their loved ones will have time and space to grieve loved ones who were killed by RPF troops.
#1 Posted by Mana John, CJR on Wed 2 Feb 2011 at 01:28 AM
Man, genocidaires are such sour losers!
#2 Posted by Pierre, CJR on Wed 2 Feb 2011 at 03:57 AM
Gourevitch is on the defensive from his first assertion, in line 3: "To me that translates into plain English as saying the reporter can’t be trusted." So defensive, in fact, that even his turn of phrase is awkward. The content of this phrase reveals unreflective 'black and white' thinking, which says, in plain English, that Gourevitch is seizing on the only thing a perpetrator can seize on in his defense: the other guy misrepresented one thing, therefore nothing else emerging from his mind contains any truth. Gourevitch has a palpable fear of ambivalence, which is all too clear in his writing about Rwanda. If one cannot grasp the ambivalence inherent in post-genocide Rwanda, one is missing the boat completely. It is too bad that McConnell did commit this "discourtesy," because whether it was conscious or not, in doing so he gave Gourevitch an inch that he stretched into a mile. Or perhaps it was just enough rope to hang himself on?
#3 Posted by Abazungu, CJR on Wed 2 Feb 2011 at 01:51 PM
This quest for moral equivalence is itself the height of immorality. The genocidaires won't get away with diminishing their guilt this way. They were crazy and deranged then, they are evidently crazy and deranged now, and now they are managing to recruit a vocal smattering of crazy and deranged "Abazungu" to their fold that they've managed to find along their crazy and deranged journey. If only there were an institution big enough to lock all these crazy and deranged people away and end this saga once and for all.
#4 Posted by Pierre, CJR on Wed 2 Feb 2011 at 03:42 PM
Again as I said in my comments relating to McConnell's article, this does not contribute to the discussion!
It's really not about the credibility of Gourevitch or the publicity seeking rantings of McConnell.
In Rwanda people died. The Tutsi being killed in the beginning of the genocide are not more important than the Hutu who subsequently lost their lives. What is however interesting is that no genocidaire is being called upon to explain his reasoning for the killing of Tutsi, yet so much fanfare exists around the actions of Paul Kagame and the ruling RPF. Surely this is a double standard. And it raises the sharp reality that in the west people are still looking for a good guy and a bad guy.
Currently the good guy seems to be Hutu. And no one takes into consideration how hard the country is working on getting rid of these colonial references to the Rwandan people. And these rantings remind me of the colonist and their once great love of the Tutsi and when they couldn't benefit from it anymore they swapped sides to the Hutu. Right now the bashing coming from western journalist is that reincarnated
What Rwandans need to ask themselves, what Africans need to ask themselves is for how much longer will we base our apparent differences on things written from a western perspective? How much longer will we hate each other because of things written by the west? Because it is only them who write historical facts about how different we are!
For starters I think that Africans should take responsibility for the future. And we are trying to do this! Instead of finding time to bash each other over western articles why don't we use the time to find ways and means of working together and leave the western writers to prose about our insignificance on their own time? At the end of the day, whatever they write we will remain the little person, they will be the good Samaritans saving us from ourselves. Why can't we just save each other and build Africa?!
#5 Posted by Mikhaila Cupido, CJR on Thu 3 Feb 2011 at 10:04 AM
I've met Philip Gourevitch in Kigali in 2009.
We've both attended a helicopter trip with some of the RDF leaders – organized by the government for foreign journalists.
The day ended – during sunset – on the rooftop of the Rwandan Parliament (where a Tutsi rebel groups had held a position during the war – assigned to them by the UN – and where until today, traces of mortar strikes can be seen).
Mr. Gourevitch questioned James Kabarebe the chief of the Rwandese Army on the roof vigorously. He asked several times, why the Rwandese goverment was not trying to solve the mystery who shot down the plan of late President Juvenal Habyarimana – which, on the surface, started the genocide in 1994. His point was, that it would be in Rwanda's own interest, to find out, who was behind the attack (Kabarebe got really agitated when confronted with the question whether the Tutsi rebells at that time where behind the attack themselves).
The chief of staff got angry and yelled at Mr Gourevitch and other journalists witnessing the outburst on the roof.
I could not see at any point during this exchange that Mr. Gourevitch was in any way partisan or uncritical towards the RPF or RDF.
On the contrary.
Dirk Laabs,
Filmmaker and journalist.
Hamburg, Germany
#6 Posted by Dirk Laabs, CJR on Thu 3 Feb 2011 at 11:22 AM
I appreciate Gourevitch's writtings. At least this one of the rare journalists that had guts to go to the ground where the Genocidaires have been butchering innocent people to finally loose the war and seek sanctuary in Eastern Zaire. There they continued their heinous and ignomious activities of planning an invasion to the new government of Rwanda but at the same time hunting down the Congolese Tutsi in areas of Masisi, Rutchuru....This was being done under the watchful eyes of the UN, making it a second failure (may be the third) to raally save the nation of Rwanda. The Government of Rwanda's intervention in the DRC was nothing else than a self defense and thank God it worked.
Gourevitch followed all these development with a clear sense of objectivity and this has urked people like Tristan McConnell who has always defended the genocidaires perhaps for the sake of promoting his own ego. He is in the same category of people who can never appreciate the achievements made in Rwanda by the leadership of President Paul Kagame. To the people like Tristan McConnell, nothing good can come from a Rwanda without the genocidaires.
Gourevitch, please do not bend to the pressure of people like McConnell. Keep it up and continue to defend the right cause through objective reporting.
#7 Posted by karasanyi, CJR on Fri 4 Feb 2011 at 04:35 PM
Gourevitch's reputation is probably strong enough to take all this crap from individuals who don't have a fraction of his courage and competency.
Those who can't afford to ignore those demagogic lies are Rwandans.
What's increasingly disturbing is that the anti-RPF/Kagame/Tutsi's propaganda has been so forceful that the few decent observers who still resist the anti-Kagame frenzy, those who question the international HR hypocrisy, or reject the genocide deniers' arguments come under such immediate and sustained attacks that they feel obliged to demonstrate their willingness to criticize the RPF in order to maintain their credibility as journalists/scholars, etc.
#8 Posted by ALi, CJR on Fri 4 Feb 2011 at 06:17 PM
Gourevitch's reputation is probably strong enough to take all this crap from individuals who don't have a fraction of his courage and competency.
Those who can't afford to ignore those demagogic lies anymore are Rwandans. Both their history and they future might be at stake.
What is disturbing is that the anti-RPF/Kagame/Tutsi's propaganda has become so forceful that the few decent observers who still resist the anti-Kagame frenzy, those who have the guts to question the international HR hypocrisy, or those who reject the genocide deniers' arguments come under such immediate and sustained attacks that they feel obliged to demonstrate their willingness to criticize the RPF in order to maintain their credibility as journalists/scholars, etc.I hope that Gourevitch doesn't fall into this cheap trap.
But whether he does or not; Those of us for who Rwanda is everything; Those of us who are lucid enough to remember where we came from, can only say with a clear and loud voice: BRING IT ON !
#9 Posted by ALI, CJR on Fri 4 Feb 2011 at 07:01 PM
Thank you Mr McConnell for challenging the media narrative of President Paul Kagame of Rwanda as provided by Gourevitch. The battle is not over as he, Kagame, still has friends in high places who have not decided to let him go as of yet though millions have died in Uganda, Rwanda, and Congo due to his actions in the region.
I covered the media prism in an article written a year ago here
http://sfbayview.com/2009/the-challenges-of-congo-advocacy-in-the-21st-century/
It is quite fascinating to read Gourevitch's response to this article not realizing that we are talking about the lives of millions of Africans dead in the hands of President Paul Kagame. There are many fingers to be pointed, but the narrative that was written in 1994 where victors of the 1994 genocide cannot be questioned for their actions still prevail today, thanks to Gourevitch's like response.
Reading this article has been quite telling on what is at stake in the region of the Great Lakes of Africa. McConnell has done a huge effort to broaden the dialogue from the good guy-bad guy narrative to identify the cover-up of facts in regard to what happened in Rwanda in 1994, and in later years up to present day.
As a Congolese activist, I have witnessed how the narrative of the war of aggression/invasion by Rwanda and Uganda in 1996 and 1998 happened with the complete silence of the international community and the majority of the mainstream media whereby the invaders' actions in the Congo were seen as justified by a pretext thus giving them carte blanche to commit atrocities on women and babies, even going to the extent of fighting each other (Rwanda and Uganda battle in Kisangani) where an estimated 3000 Congolese died.
So why am I making this explanation on an article about Rwanda. The reason why people continues to die in the region is because journalists time and time again have refused to tell the truth about where the money from the "miraculous" economic boom came from, why Congolese people have died in millions where half were children under the age of 5, minerals stolen from Congo, and the people of the region continue to suffer.
I hope that Gourevitch will rethink his approach to African issues rather than becoming the fly-by experts who comes in and stay for a couple of weeks in Africa and think they truly know what is happening while silencing the voice of African experts, intellectuals, activists, who have articulated what is at stake in the continent.
#10 Posted by Kambale Musavuli, CJR on Mon 7 Feb 2011 at 12:59 PM
The problems of Rwanda will be solved by Rwandans themselves. These westerners who seem to love us more than we love ourselves or seem to be so interested in our problems; will never bring any solution. They're just after their own interests or their masters' as it's been the business ever since.
Please Rwandans let's not forget where we've come from. 16 years are nothing for us to forget. We know our history how these colonialists divided our ancestors which is the cause of all the problems we're facing today. Not only that but even the genocide itself. If our relatives were slaughtered up to a million people when these so called experts were only arguing if the killing can be categorized as Genocide or not! Now the country is peaceful and developing they put all that aside and start bringing this nonsense!
Whether one likes or not; we the Rwandans are committed to develop our nation whether with the presence of Kagame or without him. We will never lose any single step.
#11 Posted by katabarwa, CJR on Tue 8 Feb 2011 at 05:13 PM
The problems of Rwanda will be solved by Rwandans themselves. These westerners who seem to love us more than we love ourselves or seem to be so interested in our problems; will never bring any solution. They're just after their own interests or their masters' as it's been the business ever since.
Please Rwandans let's not forget where we've come from. 16 years are nothing for us to forget. We know our history how these colonialists divided our ancestors which is the cause of all the problems we're facing today. Not only that but even the genocide itself. If our relatives were slaughtered up to a million people when these so called experts were only arguing if the killing can be categorized as Genocide or not! Now the country is peaceful and developing they put all that aside and start bringing this nonsense!
Whether one likes or not; we the Rwandans are committed to develop our nation whether with the presence of Kagame or without him. We will never lose any single step.
#12 Posted by katabarwa, CJR on Tue 8 Feb 2011 at 05:16 PM
I think Philip Gourevitch is having some difficulty recognizing or accepting that he’s become part of the story rather than a bystander reporting the story. His journalism has an arresting quality precisely because he frames his story as a personal exploration of the horror as opposed to a narrative of events. That eventually places him inside the story. And since he’s struck a sympathetic chord in his treatment of Kagame as Rwanda and Kagame have been the subject to increasing criticism, its not out of place to wonder about Gourevitch’s thoughts. That said, Tristan McConnell might have done a more interesting story exploring Gourevitch’s thinking – how its changed and how its not. Instead, he’s done more or less, dare I say it, a hatchet job. And having written more or less sympathetically about the events and situations into which Kagame and Rwanda have become embroiled, Gourevitch has never been a shill or sycophant. Gourevitch is right to press his criticisms of the international aid community and the botched humanitarian efforts that have enabled killers as much as rescued victims and survivors. What is even more surprising is how France remains marginal to story even though they, more than any outsider, were the chief enabler of the Hutus and who continue to bungle its involvement and the events on the ground. Now there’s a story to be moved front and center.
#13 Posted by Anon, CJR on Thu 10 Feb 2011 at 06:16 PM
My attention has been drawn to the rebuttal “Philip Gourevitch shoots back”. There is one issue he raises in this piece which I wish to address. I welcome this opportunity to do so.
Gourevitch claims the following: “Many recognized that the West’s abandonment of Rwanda during the genocide is a central theme of my work”. This does not appear to me to be the case. In his book “We wish to inform you…” he writes relatively little about this subject and concentrates instead on a series of features about the human experiences in Rwanda. In the short sections he does devote to the role of the West he roundly blames UN bureaucrats for the failure accusing them of not reacting to a warning that genocide was being prepared. While this is tantamount to blaming State Department officials for the invasion of Iraq it also ignores the reality of just how many warnings were available that genocide was likely to happen. Everyone knew it was coming. “Genocide hung in the air”, one of the peacekeepers told me. Gourevitch does not address the litany of errors made by the UN Security Council which led to the catastrophe.
In his book Gourevitch admonishes the peacekeepers of UNAMIR for inaction. He provides no detail about the role of the tiny garrison of peacekeepers who volunteered to stay in Rwanda after the Security Council voted on April 21, 1994 to pull out the bulk of the force. While diplomats and politicians were arguing that nothing could be done this small group was saving lives. No detail is provided by Gourevitch about the agonizing choices which the Force Commander had to make and his own abandonment by the Security Council. Not everyone betrayed the people of Rwanda. Gourevitch does not describe the role of the delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross whose humanitarian efforts in Rwanda must surely rank as one of the most extraordinary operations of the last century.
The 1994 Rwandan genocide is part of our own history. I have been investigating and writing about the circumstances of what happened for nearly 17 years. At the outset I believed that only Congressional and Parliamentary enquiries could properly expose what happened. I still believe that today. There is still too much that we do not know and our best efforts should be to continue to uncover as much as possible about the decision making of our elected leaders. They remain largely unaccountable.
Professor Linda Melvern
Investigative Journalist
London, UK
Author: A People Betrayed. The Role of the West in Rwanda’s Genocide. (Zed Books, 2000) Revised and updated paperback 2010.
Conspiracy to Murder. The Rwandan Genocide. (Verso, 2004) Revised and updated paperback 2006
#14 Posted by Linda Melvern, CJR on Mon 21 Feb 2011 at 09:22 AM
Philip G you are a hypocrite
,No body forced you to write about the heroic moments of RPF, you had your personal drive and self plans.
Who paid you to tell lies about Rwanda, do you think the world will trust your created and biased articles.
Any way people of your kind end their careers desperate, confused and manipulated.
You better live Rwandese alone , as we solved some problems which the west had ignored, Trust me we shall again and again solve ours.
Because You have no moral authority to teach our President what he should and not do to run our country. Try and be a president of your country and you shall lead according to WHAT YOU THINK IS RIGHT FOR YOUR COUNTRY.
#15 Posted by Success, CJR on Thu 14 Apr 2011 at 10:23 AM
PG says that for French to be eager "to strip the story of the Rwandan genocide of its emotional power...is bizarre and distasteful." Why? Aren't journalists and political analysts supposed to be arbiters of fact and not peddlers of emotions? That's where Gourevitch goes astray.
#16 Posted by Anon, CJR on Fri 20 May 2011 at 04:20 PM
I simply want to tell the so called GOUREVITCH the following on the history of Rwanda without missing my words and the history is here to prove me right or wrong. I am a Rwandan who lost his entire family and any close or distant relative since 1990s when the RPF attacked Rwanda to overthrow Hutu regime. I lost more than 3000 people due to RPF killing machinery. I lost all my parents and siblings because of RPF. I fled to DRC and RPF supported by UK and USA Followed us in DRC and continued to kill us. I survived by the God's grace and I was 17 years old then. I am here in Canada and married to a white. I have responsibility of telling my children their history and how their father ended up in Canada. They must know that Tutsis killed two Hutu presidents in 1994 in order to gain international support and chase hutus from Rwanda. My children are Hutus and they must know what happened to their uncles, grandpa and grandma. They have to know why they dont have any cousin and why I am always in hospital nursing tissue injuries caused by the RPF beatings I received in 1997 when the UNHCR deported us back to Rwanda from Kinshasa where I had fled to....When all these issues are addressed and the victims get justice equally that is when Rwanda is going to have people. USA cannot secure Rwanda forever if Rwandans themselves do not sit down and tell the truth to each other. USA is the reason behind all the problems Rwandans and Congolese have been having since 1990s. That is the truth
#17 Posted by KIMONYO, CJR on Wed 9 Nov 2011 at 10:42 AM