Goldstein makes it sound as if this Obama-inspired spirit of compromise is a self-evident good; the country can at long last stop having these hard conversations about what works in education and instead compromise on something about which everyone involved in education can agree. But the things that everyone can agree upon are the unimportant aspects of education reform. Part of the reason the teachers’ unions fight with school reformers is because both groups have very strongly felt opinions about what works in education. These important differences get to the heart of what matters in education. But according to the author:
The series of compromises in the New York City and Washington, D.C., school districts are providing the sketches of a workable model: expansion of the magnet school and public charter school sectors but also an increase in unionization of these schools. Unions are making peace with nontraditional pathways into teaching, both for recent college graduates and mid-career professionals. And unions are slowly accepting that many younger members prioritize higher pay and better training over long-term job security.
“Making peace” is very good, but characterizing this strategy as effective is premature. Did the schools improve? How many people consider the District of Columbia public schools a “workable model” for their own children? Perhaps what Goldstein describes is the future of education reform, but we’re pretty much screwed if it is. That sort of compromise—agreements that only address the HR aspect of teaching, without regard to the structure of the school or what actually occurs in the classroom—is the recipe for no real change.
One of the more influential books about American education reform published in the last two decades is called Tinkering Toward Utopia, a history of education reform in America. The book demonstrated that while talk about education is usually apocalyptic, the actual reforms (e.g. desegregation, compulsory schooling, outcome-based education, extra spending to counteract poverty, school choice) have been minor and slow in coming.
So it’s odd that the author believes there’s a bright beautiful new world of education coming with Obama. So far the evidence indicates that ed policy is pretty much the same old thing. Sure, the alliances shifted a bit—but they always do once people discover their original tactics no longer work very well.
Frankly, how much does it matter what Randi Weingarten said in her last speech? (Quick, name the last president of the AFT.) Throughout the last forty years, if there’s one thing the U.S. has realized about the teacher’s unions, it’s that’s radical overhaul of the nation’s schools is simply not their game. This is why they’ve historically opposed reform efforts. Sometimes this opposition is good and sometimes it is very bad, but it’s never logical or well documented or based in anything bigger or more important than labor economics.
The AFT has done a great job protecting teachers’ rights and improving their pay and benefits. But it is a labor union. Expecting the AFT to play the major role in changing American education so that every school educates American children much better—and much faster—than they’ve done in the past is wrong. The expectation is not just misguided, it’s structurally absurd. No one expects the UAW to revive the U.S. car market, after all.
The Prospect article concludes with a self-serving, obviously untrue line from Weingarten herself:
“You know, I’m probably a disruptor, by birth and by training,” Weingarten says, referring to Rep. George Miller’s term for reformers who want to work quickly to improve American schools. “I think those of us who’ve been successful in life have been ones who have actually built continuous, sustainable reform. Do you need to have people who shake things up? Of course you do. But there’s a difference between shaking up and demonizing. And between shaking up and destroying things. Change for change’s sake doesn’t work.”

When I started Grad school (in education), early on I encountered a statistic which should be cited at the head of EVERY discussion of disparities in student "achievement": One (1) variable accounts for more than 60% of ALL variance in comparing students' achievement scores. That variable is the socio-economic status of the parents. The correlation is almost 1: ceteris paribus, the higher the socio-economic status of the family, the higher will be the students' test scores.
Most 'achievement' tests are, in effect, reading tests. Reading is a skill that is easily developed if children come at it early and often. In most (once; still, many) middle-class (and up) homes, reading is a matter of no particular remarkability because it is commonplace. Children in such homes grow up reading and being read to on a regular basis. Usually they can read well, and do basic sums, by the time they start school. Their families model appreciation for reading in the home. There usually are lots of books and magazines and a culture of literacy permeates the family life.
Kids who do not grow up immersed, for whatever reason, in this culture of literacy struggle in school and do not score (as) well on the achievement tests (which have grown from minor distractions to major determinants of a child's eventual access to the "goods" of life.
The fixation with test scores, and grades and records, is actually incomprehensible until you understand that the purpose of schooling (note, I didn't say education) is mainly to insure that as few as possible students actually escape the socio-economic niches for which they were born. The array of test data, grades, evaluations, reports and records exists primarily to provide evidence, retroactively, for decisions made about kids' 'achievements' long before they ever set foot in a classroom.
If you REALLY want to imprvoe the 'achievement' of all students, then you'd have to make certain that all children had the kinds of domestic experiences which predispose youngsters of the upper classes to their literacies. End poverty, for example.
Or, the next best thing (though distinctly a distant second place) is to use school to provide experiences at least semi-analogous to those of the well-to-do in pre-k, headstart, and kindergarten interventions. In humans, neo-natology lasts about 15 years, of which the early phase--roughly 1 to 5 years old--is crucial. Money and time spent will repay their investment, not in higher test scores, which are essentially irrelevant, but in actual literacy and numeracy.
Weingarten is a stooge for the testing establishment, as is Arne Duncan. And Goldstein is just drinking the CorpoRat Kool-aid.
#1 Posted by Woody, CJR on Thu 26 Mar 2009 at 06:05 PM
PS: We know 'what works.' It is strongly suggested in the work of Lev Vygotsky: Small, diverse--in age, ability, experience,etc--groups immersed in meaningful projects which create knowledge that is locally relevant, using (intellectual) tools developed for the purpose.
Kids "succeed" in schools where that is the basic pedagogical philosophy.
#2 Posted by Woody, CJR on Thu 26 Mar 2009 at 06:16 PM
"No one expects the UAW to revive the U.S. car market, after all." -- This is a silly concession to the ridiculous idea that unions don't have good ideas and can't be entrepreneurial or forward thinking. Harold Myerson's WaPo op ed from December pretty well lays out just how forward thinking the UAW has been through the years, and how much better the U.S. auto industry would be if the big three had listened to their ideas (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/16/AR2008121602482.html). Also see this article from David Moberg at the Prospect in Sept 2007 that demonstrates again just how much better the auto industry would be now if it had listened to the UAW's forward looking ideas (http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_labor_lessons_gm_never_learned).
So, *of course* teachers unions have good ideas to contribute to educational policy -- they represent teachers, who spend all their time working with kids and know a lot about their jobs, and whose employment would be much more satisfying if they had the tools to do their jobs better. Look at the teacher's union publications -- half of the articles are about teaching well, not just about politics and workplace matters.
But even if teachers and their organizations didn't have anything to contribute to best practices in the classroom (which is an absurb and offensive claim), it is still entirely untrue that "the only thing that matters in education is how well the schools educate the students". If we were educating our students at the highest possible level but teachers were working in sweatshop conditions, with low pay, no benefits, no job security, etc, I can't say I'd see that as a success. But that scenario is preposterous on its face -- you can't imagine a good school environment that isn't also a decent place to work. When teachers fight for their workplace rights they're also fighting to make sure that their students have a better learning environment too.
#3 Posted by Tyler Bickford, CJR on Fri 27 Mar 2009 at 11:20 AM