I’ve been a “traditional” journalist for more than forty years. I understand the circumstances and logic that gave rise to these journalism strategies, even as I am frustrated by how they hinder coverage. But more than two years ago, when I began writing about the coverage of the health-care debate for CJR’s Web site, I tried to use the freedom from the strictures of traditional journalism that writing online afforded to experiment with my own coverage—to try to produce the kind of coverage that I was asking the mainstream press to deliver. For instance, a tenet of traditional journalism is that we write for the average citizen, but so many of the health-care stories I was reading seemed aimed more at Washington insiders or the reporter’s colleagues and competitors. I reached into my past to find a way to do it better. I’ve long thought that Consumer Reports, where I used to work, produced some of the clearest, most useful explanatory journalism around. Once I asked then-Editor Irwin Landau who his audience was, and he said he always had in mind school teachers, people who had some money but not a lot, and who needed to understand not only what to buy and why but the economic and medical forces that shaped those decisions.
With such readers in mind, I tried to give them a thorough analysis of the issue at hand, but one that was grounded in deep reporting, not lightly informed opinion. Here the late Johnny Apple was my inspiration. His analyses for The New York Times invariably helped me understand issues I knew little about. It wasn’t simply that Apple was a talented writer, or a big enough star that he could get away with pushing opinions in the news columns; Apple was first and foremost a fine reporter, and his analyses reflected the authority and knowledge earned through that reporting.
But both Apple’s analyses and Consumer Reports stories tended to come in traditional, long-form doses. The trick for today’s audiences in my opinion is to take Apple’s trademark reporting and analysis and apply them to a series of shorter, pithier stories. Short shouldn’t have to mean shallow.
Last year, I tested that hypothesis with a nine-part series on health care in Massachusetts that attempted to be analytical and comprehensive, but broke the subject into more digestible segments of roughly 1,200 words each. I tried to report until I had a clear sense of what I thought about the key elements of the Massachusetts plan, then let those conclusions, and an explanation of how I arrived at them, drive my stories. The series became a running commentary on the state’s health-care system.
This approach worked in a way that a one-off, six-thousand-word piece would not have. Those blog posts got at the concerns of state residents, many of whom were not happy with the way health reform was affecting them—small business owners slapped with very high rate increases, older people paying several hundred dollars more for their coverage than younger ones, patients facing long waits to see a doctor—and allowed me to keep revisiting the issues, adding new context and new ideas as my thinking evolved with my reporting. Immediate feedback—another useful aspect of the Web—suggested that my readers benefited from this steady stream of more manageable bites, which is ultimately the point of what we do.

I had hopes for this article.
Then the author show that he had no true understanding of the problems in journalism; For Pro healthcare viewpoints it was "a narrative" - for anti-healthcare viewpoints it was "fear mongering.".
There you have it: Democrats are "narrative", Republicans are "fear mongering". This displays an internal bias that most journalists just can't see. It is a fatal flaw to journalism... that with the presence of internet reporting just simply is not believable anymore.
And this author, with his potential liberal bias, just doesn't understand... people KNOW , what is in the healthcare bill; that is why they reject it.
#1 Posted by Bill Sanford, CJR on Tue 23 Mar 2010 at 10:39 AM
The author also describes the pro health care "narrative" as "empty words" that "misled" the people. If the author has a liberal point of view, surely she's aware of it, and I'd argue she's done a pretty good job of mitigating it.
As for Republican "fear-mongering," the example she cites is "government takeover" rhetoric, a claim that is -- at best -- only partially true, yet was repeated over and over again. Why? To make people afraid of the bill. That's fear-mongering by definition.
I think this is a good article, that raises an interesting question. I feel like I do know what's in the health care bill, and I'm sure I got that impression from the media ... but I had to wade through a lot of misinformation and bad reporting to get to it. As a whole, the media need to cut down on this last part. But as an intelligent news consumer, I feel I also have a responsibility to seek out the facts, realizing my own biases and attempting to compensate for them in the same way journalists do: http://tentrentingonmars.blogspot.com/2010/03/on-media-bias-and-reader-bias.html
One of the best pieces I've seen so far about "what's in the bill," or rather, "how will the bill affect you?" is this interactive graphic from the New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/03/21/us/health-care-reform.html
Too bad it didn't come along until after the bill was passed.
#2 Posted by Ian, CJR on Tue 23 Mar 2010 at 11:51 AM
Right, there you have it: A whole article written off because of two words. And I'm not sure how this author's "potential liberal bias" reveals that she doesn't understand that people know what's in the health care bill.
People don't. Further, people aren't rejecting it as uniformly as you'd have lawmakers believe. Whether or not people should accept or reject the bill when its contents have been less than clear is a different issue.
#3 Posted by laura k, CJR on Tue 23 Mar 2010 at 12:39 PM
Americans were at a disadvantage because we went into this flat-footed. The topic is complex but there are basic rubrics about the economics of health policy that are tricky but understandable, if explained well. Unfortunately, most of us learned as we went along but that was too late to counter the sophisticated players who captured the process very early. FDR used his Fireside Chats to ask Americans to pull out their maps as he explained the geography of WW2. Obama could have asked Americans to pull out their pay stubs and explain how our payroll deductions finance American healthcare, but instead he used his powers to restrict the public conversation.
The very hard part was deciding whose information to trust. For example, Kaiser Foundation's site is a very good primer but I didn't catch on until late because I mistook it as a mouthpiece for the insurance company. If the KFF site had been better promoted as a common ground syllabus for the nation to read up and prepare for this important debate (as in, if the President had suggested it and if we had trusted their information), the public conversation would have been more productive.
But good information did get through, eventually. Although like everything in American healthcare, the resources are there but you have to seek them out with dogged persistance, not be discouraged. And similar to American healthcare, that process can be draining and feel futile.
Hopefully the media and the public will continue; build upon the resources and knowledge developed in this first phase. There are deep flaws in the new "law of the land". But unlike the people of Massachusetts, the rest of the nation need not experience the downsides as mysterious objects that fell from the sky. This time we might have stronger vocabulary to explain why it's not working, ask better questions of our leaders, and demand better solutions. Or not. But possibly.
I discovered this site through Bill Moyers. He's leaving soon. I also get very good information from Democracy Now. C-Span is good. NYT's can be good. Uwe Reinhardt speaks in riddles but his information is solid. I avoid the toxic news networks. The Daily Show watches Fox News so the rest of us don't have to. I'm still disturbed that I learned from Kathleen Sebelius's appearance on the Daily Show that people with employer-provided insurance would not have been able to choose the public option. Looking forward to the day when I can watch Jon Stewart just for laughs, not for news I need to know.
#4 Posted by MB, CJR on Tue 23 Mar 2010 at 05:18 PM
Certainly the Republicans engaged in fear mongering: death panels, government takeover, etc.
One reason the journalism hasn't been very easy to understand is that the issues themselves are complex. The most helpful articles are the ones that include some kind of matrix laying out the bills' features. Maybe journalists should point readers to the Kaiser Family Foundation, which produces these charts and keeps them updated.
#5 Posted by David E. Williams of the Health Business Blog, CJR on Tue 23 Mar 2010 at 10:12 PM
Seriously, Your suggestion to solve the problems with American journalism is to write lots of little stories? I give you credit for suggesting journalists stay on a topic day after day until they actually know something about it. But less column inches in an information vacuum is not the answer. Better journalism is the answer. Citing sources is the answer. And as you say, taking a stand when a source is plain lying is the answer.
#6 Posted by Timothywmurray, CJR on Wed 24 Mar 2010 at 06:54 PM
Why don't people just read the bills--that's where you find accuracy. I got online and read the Healthcare so-called reform bill, myself. I never listen to the corporate-media's biased analysis of anything of importance. People need to start doing their own research. As with Bush, the media reports what's dictated, by Washington. The word comes down, "from above", so to speak.
#7 Posted by Linda, CJR on Thu 25 Mar 2010 at 04:17 PM
Many in Massachusetts knew early on that the plan in their state was not working, and, in fact, left them worse off than before. As Candidate Obama said to Tim Russert and also on the stump standing in front of Ted Kennedy and MA Gov. Deval Patrick: people in MA are worse off than they were before. They are paying penalties and still have no insurance. Then he stopped saying this and started using vague references to a Medicare-like this, and affordable health care that, and everyone would have choice. My red flag went up, and I didn't vote for him b/c I smelled a rat. (Didn't vote for McCain either - I wrote my name in.)
The "Medicare-like this" was the public option charade that Trudy Lieberman has aptly described in several of her articles including the one above. Trudy's in-depth series on the Massachusetts plan was excellent b/c it broke a large, convoluted mess into mangeable segments while at the same time shining a light on the serious flaws. She interviewed the people involved - the powerbrokers as well as the people being adversely affected. No other publication, blog site or TV talking head did justice to the health care debate b/c none of them had any real understanding of how this worked. Trudy talked to people, read documents and asked the questions politicians and bureaucrats didn't want to answer. In fact, I often asked myself when I heard Rachel Maddow and Chris Matthews blathering on about how much they liked health care reform and spending the rest of their time dissing Republicans if either of them had actually read any of the bills, or, more importantly, looked into the MA plan which was the model for Obamadontcare a/k/a Obamacare. I personally handed Howard Fineman an envelope filled with factual information and articles, but he wouldn't go there.
Despite the efforts of some in MA to inform Rachel, Chris, Ed Schultz and Keith Olberman about the unreported truth, we were ignored. Yet, we could have told Americans how this complex and poorly-thought-out policy actually works on the ground - in the trenches - in our daily lives. It doesn't, or, perhaps, more fairly put: how many is it OK to exploit in order to benefit a few?
Note: I am not being partisan by having made the comment above. It is what happened, and these are the people who did the ignoring. To be fair and balanced, I will mention Romney who is now faced with explaining why he supports the MA plan a/k/a Romneycare but opposes Obamacare. I read a few interviews as did others who are up to speed on the MA saga. We couldn't stop laughing, albeit, in disgust, at how he dodged the questions when he wasn't giving a disingenuous response. We know. We watched this terror roll out in MA with Romney AND Kennedy (don't leave Ted out - he was a major player - "bipartisan" was one of the marketing tools), and we live it everyday of our lives.
People in this country are going to be appalled when they find out the real deal. They won't find affordable, quality care at the Exchange. Those are just empty talking points. They will find what MA residents have been faced with for nearly four years: the cheapest plan that the gov't has decided you can afford is too expensive and not affordable to use. Premiums have continued to rise while this was sold to MA taxpayers on the basis that health care costs would decrease, and insurers would be so happy to have so many new customers that they would decrease the premiums. My local paper published an article about those happy insurers lowering premiums while MA Connector board members touted this nonsense. Anyone with half a brain knew that there would be no decrease in premiums b/c the insurance was compulsory.
However, reality trumps what the spinmeisters said. For example, in the case of my friends in the next town - a self-employed couple earning on average $41,000 gross - the cheapest unsubsidized so-called discount plan went from $513 per month to $666 to $832 in about one
#8 Posted by dianne, CJR on Sun 16 May 2010 at 04:15 PM