Here the Herald’s columnist Fabiola Santiago let FIU’s Gamarra defend his pre-election poll—that was wildly off the mark—with this interesting excuse:
Call this unexpected support for Obama “the spiral of silence” vote, as political science professor Eduardo Gamarra does. “They were embarrassed to say they were going to vote for Obama,” he said, “but they did.”
Then Santiago suggests maybe the vote was influenced by celebrities:
Perhaps the unprecedented public support of the president by the cross-cultural Cuban-American elite—talk show host Cristina Saralegui, Gloria and Emilio Estefan and rapper Pitbull—helped play a role.
Finally, Time’s Tim Padgett decided that the Cuban-American vote demonstrated that Florida Sen. Marco Rubio may not be worth much in the wider Hispanic community. Padgett wrote:
Despite his best efforts, Rubio is a Cuban-American, which counts for a lot on his humid home turf of South Florida but muy poco in the arid Southwest. That’s where the lion’s share of U.S. Latinos reside and where groups like Mexican-Americans, the largest Hispanic bloc, often resent the preferential immigration treatment that Washington gives Cubans fleeing the Castro dictatorship.
But now the GOP has to wonder how much long-term clout Rubio, a rising conservative star and a top prospect for the 2016 presidential nomination, has with even Cuban voters.
The bottom line: no one should use a single data point (a poll!) to draw quick conclusions about a unique voting population (or allow a pollster or pundit to do as much in their stories). Best to slow down and gather some more information.
Or, to put a political scientist’s polish on that thought, here is what University of California, Riverside professor Ben Bishin wrote at The Monkey Cage blog on November 11:
The evidence presented here suggests that claims about dramatic changes in the Cuban American electorate are premature. Exit polls that employ cluster sampling may have problems in assessing attitudes among politically and geographically heterogeneous communities. Telephone polls, in contrast, find strong support for Mitt Romney, consistent with expectations from past research. Finally, comparison of demographic data and voting patterns suggest that the Cuban American community voted for Romney. While this community is doubtlessly undergoing significant changes, the political outcome of this tumult is still uncertain. Little Havana does not yet appear to have turned blue.
The confusion around the polling of South Florida’s Cuban-American voters is a symptom of the overarching problem Florida media—and other media around the nation—have had with polls. Journalists have been all too willing to accept as fact the polls they pay for. Once the check is cashed, news organizations are reluctant to dismiss or even question their own polls.
Three days before the election, a Tampa Bay Times/Miami Herald/Bay News 9 poll showed Romney leading by 6 points in Florida—51-45. “[N]early every key indicator in the Times’ pre-Election Day poll reveals Romney’s advantage in a state Obama won four years ago,” the Times reported.
On the Sunday following the election, the Times called itself a loser in its political winners and losers column: “Our polls didn’t just miss the bull’s-eye, they missed the entire target.”
It’s nice to see the Times publicly acknowledge as much. But, is that it? Don’t readers deserve some further reflection on what happened here and what might be learned for next time?
Oh. While many fans of Lucy and Ricky may like to repeat the “Lucy, you got some ‘splaining to do” quote, Ricky apparently never quite said that. A good reminder to journalists and their audiences—be careful what you believe.
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When I first came to the United States from Peru in 1961, Ricky Ricardo was the only television personality I could identify with. So any time his image is used to challenge anything Cuban, I must come to his defense.
The recent Crowley Political Report is missing some important information which has obviously clouded the judgment of its author when it comes to his conclusions.
1.) Most - if not all - researchers and pollsters agree that if you want to accurately measure the voting behavior of a demographic group, exit polling is the best way to do it, as long as it includes interviews with absentee and other early voters. Pre-election polls cannot predict accurately which voters will show up at the polls and which voters will not. Precinct analysis of voting results cannot reveal the voting behavior of Cuban voters because there are no "pure Cuban" precincts in Miami-Dade County or any other county in the United States. The top 50 "Cuban precincts" in Miami-Dade County (according to the U. S. Census) have a substantial percentage (20% to 50%) of African American, White Anglo and non-Cuban Hispanic registered voters within them.
2.) The only organizations that conducted an exit poll in Florida among Cuban voters were Edison Research (for the major television networks and AP), the Pew Hispanic Center and Bendixen & Amandi International (B&A: my firm). All of the other polls and studies that Mr. Crowley mentions in his report were either pre-election polls or post-election precinct analysis of Miami-Dade "Cuban precincts." Those include the FIU/Miami Herald/El Nuevo Herald poll of likely Florida Hispanic voters conducted by Professor Eduardo Gamarra in October, the FIU post-election precinct analysis utilizing "ecological regression" methodology conducted by Professor Dario Moreno (incorrectly identified in the Crowley report as an exit poll), and the Latino Decisions "eve of the election" Florida Hispanic poll. The report also cites an electoral analysis by Professor Ben Bishin of the University of California at Riverside.
3.) Mr. Crowley misses an obvious pattern in the data. The three statewide exit polls show extremely similar results. All of them show Obama and Romney splitting the statewide Cuban vote (Edison and Pew had Obama at 49% and Bendixen & Amandi had Obama at 48%). In other words, all three exit polls had the same finding - Cuban voters supported a Democratic presidential candidate at a historic level in 2012.
4.) The FIU post-election precinct analysis is consistent with the Bendixen & Amandi exit poll results. Professor Moreno estimated that the vote for Obama in "Cuban precincts" in Miami-Dade County was between 41 percent and 45 percent. The B&A exit poll interviewed more than 2,000 Cuban voters statewide. It indicated that Obama received 44 percent of the Cuban vote in Miami-Dade County and 59 percent in other Florida counties. Cuban voters in Hillsborough (Tampa), Orange (Orlando), Osceola (Kissimmee) and Broward (Ft. Lauderdale) Counties represent 25% of the statewide Cuban electorate and B&A interviewed more than 500 of them.
The Edison and Pew exit polls did not report regional numbers because their sample of Cuban voters was much smaller than ours.
5.) The results of the FIU/Miami Herald/El Nuevo Herald October poll of Florida Hispanic voters can be ignored not only because Professor Gamarra utilizes discredited computerized phone interviews for his polls but also because it obviously could not have measured changes in the presidential choice of Cuban American voters over the last weeks of the intense 2012 campaign. For example, a couple of controversial Spanish-language television ads during the last week of the campaign could have easily had a major impact on Cuban voting patterns.
6.) The Latino Decisions "election eve" poll is more credible. Nevertheless, the B&A exit poll shows a substantia
#1 Posted by Sergio Bendixen, CJR on Sun 18 Nov 2012 at 08:12 PM
6.) The Latino Decisions "election eve" poll is more credible. Nevertheless, the B&A exit poll shows a substantial difference between absentee and early Cuban voters (Obama at 39%) and Cuban Election Day voters (Obama at 52%). It is probable that this "election eve" poll was not able to measure the powerful impact of the Obama GOTV operation or the negative impact on elderly Cuban Romney supporters of the 3 to 4 hour lines at the polls on November 6th.
7.) The analysis by Professor Ben Bishin seems to be based on the FIU precinct analysis. After reading his blog on "The Monkey Cage," it is clear that it is also based on incorrect information. For example, he does not seem to know (or he conveniently ignores) the fact that the figures published by the three exit poll organizations are based on statewide interviews while the FIU precinct analysis is limited to Miami-Dade County.
8.) It is true that B&A works mostly for Democratic candidates. You should also know that B&A conducted all of the polling research for the Obama Hispanic campaign and produced many of its Spanish-language television ads. Nevertheless, it is important to make clear that the exit poll of Florida Hispanic voters was financed entirely and independently by the firm
So Mr. Crowley, I think you got some "splainin’ to do."
Sergio Bendixen
President
Bendixen & Amandi International
#2 Posted by Sergio Bendixen, CJR on Sun 18 Nov 2012 at 08:33 PM
I can't believe that in 2012 the author felt the need to frame this story around an outdated fictional Cuban-American character and an inaccurate quote made popular because foreign accents are supposed to be "funny."
Worse, this piece perpetuates outdated demographic information starting with the very title:
(1) Most Cuban-Americans do not live in Little Havana anymore.
(2) Little Havana these days is home to many other Latino ethnicities--roughly half of the Latinos in Little Havana are *not* Cuban: http://cri.fiu.edu/programs/research-contest/2010-winners/
(3) All surveys seem to agree that non-Cuban Latino voters in Florida overwhelmingly favored Obama over Romney.
Further, the paragraph about Rubio's lack of clout among Mexican-Americans in the Southwest has absolutely nothing to do with the rest of the article, and shouldn't surprise anyone except those who are ignorant enough to believe that Latinos are some sort of monolithic group.
In the context of an an article on changing Cuban-American party allegiances it would have been more relevant to mention the South Florida congressional race in which the incumbent, Republican David Rivera, was defeated by his Democratic opponent, Joe Garcia. Both are Cuban-Americans.
For the record, I am a 41-year-old Cuban-American, born in the U.S., and I voted for Obama in both 2008 (in New York) and 2012 (in Florida).
#3 Posted by Eduardo Alexander Rabel, CJR on Wed 21 Nov 2012 at 02:16 PM
I can't believe that in the 21st century the author felt the need to frame this story around a long-ago outdated fictional Cuban-American character and an inaccurate quote made popular because foreign accents are supposed to be "funny."
Worse, this piece perpetuates outdated demographic information starting with the very title:
(1) Most Cuban-Americans do not live in Little Havana anymore.
(2) Little Havana these days is home to many other Latino ethnicities. In fact, roughly half of the Latinos in Little Havana are *not* Cuban. This scholarly article has the data and includes a quote from a Little Havana resident who feels it would be more accurate to call the neighborhood "Little Latin America": http://cri.fiu.edu/programs/research-contest/2010-winners/
(3) The changing demographics of Little Havans are particularly relevant because all surveys seem to agree that non-Cuban Latino voters in Florida overwhelmingly favored Obama over Romney.
Further, the paragraph about Rubio's lack of clout among Mexican-Americans in the Southwest has absolutely nothing to do with the rest of the article, and shouldn't surprise anyone except those who are ignorant enough to believe that Latinos are some sort of monolithic group. (Only 15% of Florida Latinos are of Mexican origin: http://www.pewhispanic.org/states/state/fl/)
In the context of an an article on changing Cuban-American party allegiances it would have been more relevant to mention the South Florida congressional race in which the incumbent, Republican David Rivera, was defeated by his Democratic opponent, Joe Garcia. Both are Cuban-Americans.
For the record, I am a 41-year-old Cuban-American, born in the U.S., and I voted for Obama in both 2008 (in New York) and 2012 (in Florida).
#4 Posted by Eduardo Alexander Rabel, CJR on Wed 21 Nov 2012 at 02:31 PM