I recently encountered a sticky conundrum as editor of a student-run digital news website at the University of Southern California.
A woman, the centerpiece of a story on the continued plight of the architecture industry in California three years after the recession, contacted one of my reporters in a panic. The source was a Canadian citizen, and it became too expensive a few years ago for her California employer to sponsor her work visa. She was laid off. She took the only job she could find in Vancouver—at a 40 percent salary cut.
Now, times are better. Our source wants to work stateside again in an architecture firm and is setting up interviews with potential employers. But there’s one big problem: when potential employers google her name to do a background check, they notice this old article, and her visa troubles wave a red flag. Would they have to sponsor her too, and at what cost? Her complaints in the story about having to take a job in Vancouver reek of sour grapes. She grouses about working for her old corporate company. And she admits to having accepted the steep pay cut in Canada, which could now hurt in salary negotiations.
This article, she said, might be keeping her from getting a job, and she wants it removed.
That was when I realized our newsroom has no policy on what the industry has termed “unpublishing”—the removal of online news articles. And I am not alone, says Kathy English, public policy editor at the Toronto Star.
“I think news organizations are moving toward figuring it all out,” English said. “Even just this week I had four requests (to unpublish).”
She wrote a report [pdf] on the issue in 2009, which found that about half of newsrooms polled lacked an unpublishing policy.
“Public requests to unpublish are becoming increasingly frequent and are expected to increase,” English wrote in her report, after polling more than 100 editors across North America.
Three years later, the news industry is still catching up as unpublishing requests escalate, said English, and journalistic coverage, often called the “first draft of history,” migrates from paper to screen.
“There is something different about online content, because it lasts forever and is easily accessible,” English said. “It’s not the same as newspapers in trash bins.”
Though most editors agreed, according to English’s report, that there are some cases that justify deleting information—like inaccuracies or legal concerns—few editors in America would remove our architecture story. Across the board, editors refuse to redact a story because a source regrets something he or she said.
But is that fair to sources? Today, a print past isn’t hidden in newspaper archives or on microfilm. Even old content is just a click away. Google takes a snapshot of each page it examines and stores it as a cache. Pages that were removed can still come up in searches. Beyond Google, the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine has archived more than 150 billion web pages from 1996 to now.
As editors hold firm, the web creates more and more of these “digital tattoos” that can never go away and are much more visible than in previous journalistic eras. Even if a news organization does decide to remove or alter an article, it’s no guarantee the original content doesn’t still live somewhere on the Internet.
Recently, English said, the Toronto Star staff decided it needed to take a name out of a piece for legal reasons.
“Working with our webmasters, it took about three days to figure out how to do that with Google, because it was in the abstract,” English said. “It was a really hard thing to do. And that made me also realize we can’t say yes to all these things because we don’t have the manpower.”

The architect's argument, "your story quoting me is factual but potentially inconvenient to my present career prospects" actually prompted a debate there?
?
#1 Posted by Edward Ericson Jr., CJR on Mon 9 Apr 2012 at 01:08 PM
Several years ago I wrote a fairly incendiary piece for Wonkette which got a LOT of attention. It all hinged on one on-the-record source. Shortly after publishing it, the source called me and said, "I didn't know you were going to use my NAME!!"
I pointed out to him that I had asked him repeatedly if he minded being "on the record," and that he had agreed. He said, "Yeah, but I didn't know that you'd use my name!" I had to tell him that the piece was already published and linked everywhere around the web, and that it was, basically, his fault that he didn't know what "on the record" meant.
I spent the rest of the week repeating "pleasedon'tsue pleasedon'tsue" over and over to myself.
#2 Posted by Peteykins, CJR on Mon 9 Apr 2012 at 04:58 PM
Very interesting story. There was some research two years ago that showed about 72% of newspapers said unpublishing was fine, but most of them actually find alternatives. These are the 5 ways they typically handle unpublishing requests: http://journ.us/exm50S
--Julie Moos, DIrector of Poynter Online
#3 Posted by Julie Moos, CJR on Fri 13 Apr 2012 at 05:00 AM
Typically, photographers use a waiver for persons whose image appears in print. Now that print is also using imaging, obtaining a written waiver from sources stating they understand their name and words will appear in digital imaging of the print page, doesn't seem like a reach. As a writer, I'm asked to sign contracts covering print and online mediums, my image, and any photos I source.
My impression as a 'pre-Internet' journalist is that reporting has taken the easy road. A friend recently asked a question on Facebook, and my response ended up as a quote in an article for a regional lifestyle magazine; another statement on a national magazine's business FB page ended up in a quote in an article there; and in yet another print publication in my town, I was quoted from yet a third online post. In none of these 3 cases was I told in advance I'd be quoted. Though I understand traditional news mediums have been cut to the bone in terms of personnel, and reporters are deadline driven, some short cuts don't really pay off in the long term.
Please don't misunderstand. Had I known I was "on the record," I'd have said pretty much the exact same things. The question of permission, however, shouldn't be a question at all when it comes to professional practice. Unlike others of of my generation, I adore the internet, backlinks, keywords, social sharing, the works. I appreciate being able to craft an online personal brand in a conscious way. But the general public isn't schooled in media literacy, and when we're the communicator, it's our responsibility as opinion leaders to fill in the missing pieces, to read quotes back to sources, and to make certain they hear exactly what they said before they see it on the page in any medium.
#4 Posted by Sherri McLendon, CJR on Fri 13 Apr 2012 at 10:42 AM
Of course, I'm assuming journalists still talk to sources directly. I'm not a fan of the "email" interview approach so many use today.
#5 Posted by Sherri McLendon, CJR on Fri 13 Apr 2012 at 10:46 AM
Some early research we did on unpublishing, before English's work, set up some scenarios for editors and found them largely opposed.
http://commonsensej.blogspot.com/2010/01/unpublishing-growing-challenge-for.html
#6 Posted by Doug Fisher, CJR on Sat 14 Apr 2012 at 02:57 PM
An unpublishing request will not stop a Google search from revealing info about a story unless the story was published behind a pay-per wall and nobody else in the whole word recapped or wrote about the story elsewhere. It seems like a silly request. Digital footprints are not completely erasable in the public space. You can get the search results to read differently with some fancy-schmancy SEO techniques, but it doesn't solve it completely. If it did, we wouldn't have companies like reputation.com.
#7 Posted by cksyme, CJR on Mon 16 Apr 2012 at 12:54 PM
Um, companies like "reputation.com" unpublish their own materials from associate websites.
Yes. Digital internet-based media is forever. Wave goodbye to investigative reporting with sources and interviews. Oh, wait, it already left the building...
#8 Posted by skjöldur, CJR on Wed 30 Jan 2013 at 06:33 PM