With Election Day behind us, all of Washington is suddenly focused on a looming issue that drew little notice during the campaign: the “fiscal cliff” of tax hikes and spending cuts that are scheduled to occur on Jan. 1, and that, if they do take hold, could tip the economy back into recession. It all sounds pretty scary. But should the media really be describing the impending changes as a “cliff”?
As Slate’s Matt Yglesias noted in a great post Wednesday, there’s a problem with the metaphor that the media and political elites have seized onto—the “fiscal cliff” is not really like a cliff at all:
A salient fact about non-metaphorical cliffs is that falling over them is generally irreversible. If the cliff is high enough that falling off of it would kill you, then if you fall off you’re going to die and that’s the end of it. The “fiscal cliff” by contrast isn’t like that at all.
Rather, it’s a set of policy changes—mostly tax hikes plus some steep spending cuts—that if they were all locked into place would constitute a significant drag on economic growth over the course of a year. But if the Bush tax cuts fully expire on a Tuesday morning it’s not as if some catastrophe strikes on Wednesday where suddenly middle class families have no money. It’s true that if the new higher rates were to be locked in, then the medium-term drag on middle class take home pay would delay the deleveraging cycle and damage the recovery. But to resolve that, all you need to do is introduce a new package of middle class tax cuts on Wednesday afternoon, have congress pass it on Thursday, and then the president signs it on Friday. The fact that taxes were higher for three days—or even three weeks—is simply not that consequential.
It’s an important point, and also one that left-leaning think tanks and some journalists have been making for awhile now. In early October, The Washington Post’s Ezra Klein wrote about the logic behind a couple alternative metaphors for the scheduled budget changes, like “fiscal slope” and “fiscal collision course.” The “fiscal slope” analogy comes from the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities, whose analysis was the subject of an Oct. 9 New York Times article by Annie Lowrey.
The difference is not just semantic. The economic reality is connected to a key point about political leverage. One of the deepest divides between President Obama and the Republicans who control the House is on the fate of the Bush tax cuts: Obama wants to let rates rise back to Clinton-era levels on the richest households while preserving the current rates for everybody else; Republicans want to maintain the current lower rates for everybody (though especially the rich). It’s very hard to shift the status quo without bipartisan agreement, and Obama, and the congressional Democrats who side with him, have never really had the upper hand in this debate.
If we were to go over the “cliff,” though, leverage might shift. In that case, rates on non-rich households would be at a level that everyone agrees is too high, and there could be bipartisan agreement about reducing those taxes. Meanwhile, there would be disagreement and gridlock about what to do regarding the higher rates for the wealthy—exactly what Obama wants. And conveniently for the president, the top-end tax cuts are one of the least stimulative policies whose fate is up in the air, so their expiration would do relatively little to harm the recovery.
Over the course of a full year, the full impact of the “fiscal cliff” would be deeply harmful to the economy. So if going over it were irrevocable, this would amount to a Pyrrhic victory; Obama would have won his tax agenda at the cost of a new recession. If it’s a “slope,” though, this presidential leverage is real, and the way Obama could grab it is precisely by not making a deal during the lame-duck session.

Everybody agrees that Clinton-era tax rates would be too high? I don't. Not only did everybody in the 1990's seem to be okay with them, but I've been hearing for decades that Americans are undertaxed, both in an absolute sense and in comparison with European countries.
Now that we're confronting a continuing stream of trillion dollar deficits, it's time that we all paid our fair share, not just those in the top two brackets. That we all accept some degree of sacrifice is a matter not only of fairness but of necessity; the revenue that would be realized by raising rates on only the top two brackets would barely make a dent in the deficits.
I understand that nobody likes paying more in taxes, but it'll be easier if we remember how nicely the President talks about asking the rich to pay more. That sounds so much better than telling people they'll go to jail if they don't pay more. So we'll just ask all Americans to pay more, because as the Vice President has told us, that's the patriotic thing to do.
#1 Posted by RobC, CJR on Fri 9 Nov 2012 at 03:46 PM
Put me up with RobC. The problem isn't that the tax increases will provoke a recession, they sure didn't under Bill Clinton, the problem is that tax increases in the absence of anything else will.
The problem is the economy needs activist fiscal policy to put people to work in secure jobs that have decent pay. This requires government spending, because absent consumer demand - which is repressed these days because of deleveraging, the people who have money won't spend because there's no point in making stuff you can't sell.
So we know what the economy needs, spending, but we also know that the a-holes who harp on deficits and borrowing don't want spending - they want spending cuts which WILL provoke a recession.
So how do we get the spending and reduce the deficit? Let the tax cuts expire. Period.
But the people who harp on the deficit don't want that:
http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2012/10/bank-ceos-fear-dont-understand-fiscal-cliff.html
"But another group also hates the fiscal cliff for different reasons. The centrist anti-deficit groups funded by Pete Peterson hate the fiscal cliff because it creates an avenue for bringing revenue and outlays in line in a way that they don’t want. It basically creates a situation where the deficit is solved in ways that are more left-wing than even Obama proposes, giving him leverage to craft a solution largely along his own preferred lines, rather than through the “grand bargain” they have been fruitlessly trying to craft since 2010. And so they are issuing dire warnings about the fiscal cliff that are either completely disingenuous or reveal a total failure to understand what they’re complaining about."
These were the people who endorsed Mitt Romney even though his 'plan' was mathematically impossible and would create a 5 trillion dollar hole to fill by a later democratic administration we can only assume.
These are the people who gave ammunition to Scott Brown by slandering Elizabeth Warren:
http://neweconomicperspectives.org/2012/11/wall-street-urges-obama-to-commit-the-great-betrayal.html
"“‘If you listened only to Elizabeth Warren [at the Democratic Party’s national convention], the message was catastrophically antibusiness,’ said Matt Bennett, co-founder of Third Way, a centrist Democratic group."
They don't want to reduce the deficit unless we're the ones getting squeezed, not them. They want Entitlement money wrung out of Social Security and Medicare to pay the deficit boogeyman and his bond holding minions, they don't want to pay it out of tax increases.
The deficit is just a sales pitch for government cuts. The 'fiscal cliff' is the new sales pitch for renewing irresponsible tax cuts. Why are these sales pitches so scary? Because they reflect their desires, not ours. Spending scares them. Tax hikes scares them. They do not want.
It's similar to when $250,000 was their middle class when it came to tax increases but teachers and autoworkers at 70 grand were living high on the hog.
The message is tailored to the desire.
So the question becomes, does the media reflect their desires or ours?
#2 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Fri 9 Nov 2012 at 04:31 PM
And the same could be said for the politics because it's obvious, Dems, they aren't on your side even if you're on theirs:
http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/deficit-hawks-down-please/
So do you serve their desires or ours, because if you serve our desires then the term 'Grand Bargain' should be avoided. It isn't grand. It isn't a bargain. It's a selling out of people's interests whom you ought to be defending because you want to please people you ought not want to please.
Not a Grand Bargain. A Great Betrayal.
Who do you serve?
#3 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Fri 9 Nov 2012 at 04:40 PM
Well we know who Peter Orzag serves:
http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2012/11/peter-orszag-of-bank-welfare-queen-citigroup-is-selling-catfood-futures-hard.html
And then there's the CBO:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mobileweb/2012/11/08/taxes-on-the-rich_n_2094592.html
"Allowing income tax rates to rise for wealthy Americans would not hurt U.S. economic growth much in 2013 if Congress extends expiring tax rates on lower income levels, the Congressional Budget Office said on Thursday."
Of course those who read the Congressional Research Service Hungerford Report that republicans tried to suppress, know this.
#4 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Fri 9 Nov 2012 at 05:06 PM
@RobC.
You wrote: "Everybody agrees that Clinton-era tax rates would be too high? I don't."
I don't either, necessarily. As I understand the situation there are compelling arguments that over the medium term middle-class taxes at least need to come higher, assuming we want to maintain something like the current level of government services. Bloomberg's Josh Barro is good on this point.
When I talk about "everyone," I mean all the central decision-makers in the White House and Congress -- not all of public opinion, or even elite opinion. And my point was not to advance a particular fiscal plan but to exhort journalists to accurately describe the balance of power between those actors.
#5 Posted by Greg Marx, CJR on Fri 9 Nov 2012 at 05:28 PM
"Coverage of the issue in leading newspapers in the days since the election has uncritically embraced the “fiscal cliff” metaphor, ignored the key points about leverage, and instead beat the drums for a grand bargain before the New Year."
Greg, you got it dead on. I truly do not understand why so many reporters and columnists have swallowed the deficit hawks' arguments so uncritically, and have paid so little attention to the economic situation of the masses of Americans who would be seriously hurt by an austerity program and cuts in social insurance, social safety net, education, and other social programs. Currently, the media are failing to pin Republicans down on exactly what they mean by "entitlement reform" as part of their fiscal cliff negotiations, and also what Obama and the Dems are willing to consider. So far it's been all very vague but the public is entitled to know exactly how policymakers are considering changing their vital Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid benefits. But the media have so far accepted this vague language since the election. That's got to change. Raising the eligibility age? Cutting the SS COLA? Medicaid capped block grants? Capping Medicare spending beyond the ACA cap? I assume Republicans are still going to push for Medicare vouchers, and I assume Obama and the Dems will rule that out. But we really need to know what the countours of these discussions are. I understand Boehner dodged questions this morning for more specifics. How about telling us exactly what's being discussed? Let's remember that cutting cost of living adjustments for widows living on Social Security, or forcing millions of lower-income and modestly middle-income people to wait two years longer for Medicare or SS, is a whole lot more painful than making people earning $500K a year pay an addition $10K a year in federal income tax. That needs to be pointed out.
#6 Posted by Harris Meyer, CJR on Fri 9 Nov 2012 at 09:40 PM
Pierce, we luvs ya!
http://www.esquire.com/_mobile/blogs/politics/fiscal-cliff-democrats-14616946
"Besides associating myself with this morning's remarks from Professor Krugman, I'd also like to say that behaving as though you are operating out of a panic ginned-up by financiers, pundits, and people who still want your head on a stick is no way to celebrate stomping a mudhole in Willard Romney's privileged ass. The president on Friday afternoon shouldn't just give a "statement about the action we need to take to keep our economy growing and reduce our deficit." The president should call a press conference and calmly explain that giant winged lizards from hell will not rise from fissures in the earth if we hold the matter of the Gentle Fiscal Incline over until after the holidays and that, in the meantime, if the best the Republican "leadership" can do is what it's doing — to denigrate the beating they took (Mitch McConnell) or suggest that, now that Willard Romney's has had a mudhole stomped in his ass, the best way forward is for both parties to join hands and agree to implement the basics of Willard Romney's economic plan (John Boehner) — then it's probably best if we wait until cooler heads have had a couple of egg nogs and we all come back and develop a consensus that one side, you know, actually lost on Tuesday. Any questions?
It long has been my opinion that, sooner or later, it is the responsibility of the Democratic party to the future of the republic and the political commonwealth to beat the Republicans so badly in so many areas that the Republicans are faced with a choice of either historical irrelevance, or wringing the craziness out of their party..[bunch of descriptive stuff goes here]
The project should begin with the economy, because the choice of historical irrelevance or wringing out the crazy on other issues is going to take care of itself. Demographics are going to force the choice on the Republicans as far as immigration goes, and also on issues relating to the reproductive freedom of women. The country as a whole has shown that it's going to force the choice on them as regards gay rights. The ocean is going to make the choice for them on climate change. It is the economic issues, then, on which that choice will have to be forced on them by the Democrats directly, and within the framework of political negotiation.
In short, and on the pure politics of it, there's really nothing to negotiate. The public wants a more progressive tax code with fewer loopholes for the wealthy. (The carried-interest loophole is a disgrace to an evolved democracy.) The public wants programs like Social Security and Medicare strengthened, but not by "reforming" the guaranteed-benefit part of them out of the equation. The public wants more regulation on Wall Street than even Dodd-Frank has given us. The public has tumbled to the fact that the rising-tide-lifts-all-boats, trickle-down palaver has been a scam all along. You know what happens with a rising tide if you don't have a boat? You drown..."
Extra points for Krugman's "It’s worth pointing out that the fiscal cliff isn’t really a cliff. It’s not like the debt-ceiling confrontation, where terrible things might well have happened right away if the deadline had been missed. This time, nothing very bad will happen to the economy if agreement isn’t reached until a few weeks or even a few months into 2013. So there’s time to bargain."
Let's not get rolled like the last time the Bush tax cuts were renewed without a debt ceiling guarantee - Jesus that was stupid.
#7 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Sat 10 Nov 2012 at 11:12 AM
Hiya mr Galbraith!
http://www.salon.com/2012/11/08/the_coming_debt_battle/
"That the looming debt and deficit crisis is fake is something that, by now, even the most dim member of Congress must know. The combination of hysterical rhetoric, small armies of lobbyists and pundits, and the proliferation of billionaire-backed front groups with names like the “Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget” is not a novelty in Washington. It happens whenever Big Money wants something badly enough.
Big Money has been gunning for Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid for decades – since the beginning of Social Security in 1935. The motives are partly financial: As one scholar once put it to me, the payroll tax is the “Mississippi of cash flows.” Anything that diverts part of it into private funds and insurance premiums is a meal ticket for the elite of the predator state.
And the campaign is also partly political. The fact is, Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid are the main way ordinary Americans connect to their federal government, except in wars and disasters. They have made a vast change in family life, unburdening the young of their parents and ensuring that every working person contributes whether they have parents, dependents, survivors or disabled of their own to look after. These programs do this work seamlessly, for next to nothing; their managers earn civil service salaries and the checks arrive on time. For the private competition, this is intolerable; the model is a threat to free markets and must be destroyed."
What digby says:
http://digbysblog.blogspot.com/2012/11/fiscal-cliff-notes.html
"They've ginned up this "fiscal cliff" as a Shock Doctrine tactic to create a sense of emergency in which to push through some shock therapy. They're saying they want to avert a near disaster of their own making --- by creating a slow rolling disaster as our income inequality, starved education system, degraded safety net and dilapidated infrastructure get worse and worse."
When it affects them, "It's a crisis we have to hurt other people to protect ourselves OMG!!1"
When it affects us, it's getting our skin in the game.
#8 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Sat 10 Nov 2012 at 11:45 AM
Them. So who are they?
http://digbysblog.blogspot.com/2012/11/frum-on-morning-joe-remarkable-15.html
"Since the loss of the election, we have heard an enormous amount of discussion from Republicans on television and newspaper columns about immigration as an issue...but all of us who are allowed to participate in this conversation, we all have health insurance. And the fact that millions of Americans don't have health insurance, they don't get to be on television. And it is maybe a symptom of a broader problem, not just the Republican problem, that the economic anxieties of so many Americans are just not part of the national discussion at all. I mean, we have not yet emerged from the greatest national catastrophe, the greatest economic catastrophe since the Great Depression. And what are we talking about? The deficit and the debt. And these are important problems, but they're a lot easier to worry about if you are wealthier than you were in 2008, which most of the people on television now are again, if you are securely employed, which most of the people on television now are. But that's not true for 80% of America. And the Republican Party, the opposition party, needed to find some way to give voice to real urgent economic concerns held by middle class Americans. Latinos, yes, but Americans of all ethnicities.
None of the panelists on Scaraborough--not Joe himself, not David Gregory, not Chuck Todd, none of them--dared to answer Frum's devastating indictment of them. Not of the Republican Party, but of them. It was uncomfortable, and then blithely ignored.
Remarkable."
#9 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Sat 10 Nov 2012 at 12:02 PM
This is getting sad - like 'build up to the Iraq war' sad:
http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/11/squirming-hawks/
"As Keynes said, the boom, not the slump, is the time for austerity. But the deficit hawks can’t make that argument, because they have in fact been arguing for austerity now now now.
So they’re left making a mostly incoherent case: it’s too abrupt (why?), it’s the wrong kind of deficit reduction (???), and then this:
a better approach would be to focus spending cuts on low-priority spending and on changes which can help to encourage growth and generate new revenue through comprehensive tax reform which broadens the base – ideally by enough to also lower tax rates.
Low-priority spending? I think that means spending on poor people and the middle class. And isn’t it amazing how people who claim to be horrified, horrified about deficits can’t stop talking about cutting tax rates?"
And so what's on the talk shows?
http://mediamatters.org/mobile/blog/2012/11/11/sunday-shows-ignore-the-most-important-economic/191335
"Four of the five major Sunday morning political shows ignored the issue of job creation and economic growth, which economists and voters say are the most important economic issues facing the nation. Instead, the economic discussion on the November 11 editions of these shows focused almost exclusively on the debate over how to achieve deficit reduction."
This is un-fricken-acceptable. The tv press are showing what kind of vapid celebrity gossips they really are.
If you are a rational person, you can be for deficit reduction and seek the repeal of the god awful Bush tax cuts or you can be against destabilizing the economy and seek increases in spending / government projects.
You can't claim "I care about the deficit, so we should cut spending, but I care about destabilizing the economy, therefore we need to lower taxes - not raise them" in the same breath. You are not being rational at that point. You are being selfish.
Is that not the antithesis of the objective standard journalists supposedly set for themselves? Stop pushing your audience into directions which benefit you and hurt them.
Who do you serve?
#10 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Mon 12 Nov 2012 at 03:03 AM
Jesus, this is a replay of Bush 2004:
http://news.firedoglake.com/2012/11/12/leaked-woodward-memo-offers-road-map-on-grand-bargain/
"Bob Woodward leaked the deal memo from the proposed 2011 grand bargain, which didn’t happen for a number of reasons, none of them being Barack Obama’s reticence to cut a deal. In addition to cuts to things like TRICARE and Pell grants and veteran retirement, the “sequester,” the punishment for Congress not reaching a deficit resolution, would have directly cut Medicare and Medicaid by $425 billion (including $150 billion in raising Medicare premiums) and a permanent 20% reduction in tax rates on the top bracket (from 35% to 28%), with four total tax rates (10%, 15%, 25% and 28%). Increases in the Medicare eligibility age were in the plan, as well as the chained-CPI change to Social Security cost of living adjustments, a net benefit cut.
This was what the President signed off on, before the Gang of Six embarrassed him by calling for more revenue. He was perfectly willing to not only endorse this deal, but force the Democratic leadership to swallow it as well. And this is why Ryan Grim can be so sure that the next set of talks will include reductions in benefits to the elderly, the poor and the middle class. That’s what happened before, after all."
http://news.firedoglake.com/2012/11/12/obama-plans-to-hit-road-with-oh-so-popular-message-of-cutting-social-security-and-medicare/
"President Obama plans to meet with business, labor and civic leaders early this week about the fiscal slope, according to Reuters. Congressional leaders will huddle with Obama at the end of the week. Labor has immediately and vocally rejected the concept of a grand bargain, at least for now, so judging their behavior after this meeting will be critical. The presence of corporate executives who have pull on Republicans probably matters more than the presence of labor, to whom I assume there will be an attempt to dictate terms.
After this inside game and as the negotiations continue, the President plans to hit the road in support of a deal, which sounds to me like a terrible idea for him...
[I]t’s worth pointing out that the public soundly rejected the kind of bargain that Obama appears to have in mind. Exit polling shows large majorities opposed to cuts in social insurance. Almost every candidate personally endorsed by Erskine Bowles and Alan Simpson lost their election. Who exactly will stand behind this effort once it leaves the friendly confines of the Beltway? The grand bargain only works behind closed doors.
One thing the President has going for him is a pliant media. The Washington Post is practically giddy at the prospect of cutting the retirement benefits of old people. The National Journal is willing to described a “left divided” on the subject of a grand bargain, a description only achievable by putting Third Way on the left."
I don't know, maybe I'm foolish for thinking this is more relevant than a goddamned twitter conversation.
#11 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Mon 12 Nov 2012 at 01:12 PM
And I say this is a replay because, according to Bill Black, the Wall Street democrats don't just want to cut social security, they want it bet on Wall Street.
http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=9057
http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=9100
#12 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Mon 12 Nov 2012 at 01:19 PM
And you can find support for this in a truly nasty document put out by the the supply side, republican democrats who are pushing for a debt deal that doesn't reduce debt, the third way:
http://content.thirdway.org/publications/363/Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Saving_Social_Security.pdf
"We have deep concerns about complete repeal. While we support higher
taxation on upper income individuals and accept that some of it must be used
to bail out entitlements like Social Security, we believe the bulk of increased
taxation would be best spent on growth-oriented investments in infrastructure,
education, innovation, and the like...
Repealing the cap would represent a failure to make any choices about entitlement spending except to ignore it. It would drive the top federal tax rate that employees pay on salaries to nearly 50% without doing anything to address any other pressing spending need. It would leave little, if any, room for taxes on the wealthy for growth-oriented investments, let alone dealing with shortfalls in Medicare."
You know what would be a failure? Talking about how crushing lifting the payroll cap (so that higher income folk pay into the program as much of their income as any lower income individual) would be on investments while not mentioning how you guys want to cut top income tax rates.
And it would also be a failure to talk about 'bailing out' social security when it has a 2 trillion dollar surplus and while you folks on Wall Street have received bailouts in the form of trillions of dollars and passes on civil and criminal liabilities.
Chutzpah.
"Our plan would reduce spending by roughly $2 for every $1 in revenue increases. It would create added value for low income seniors.
In many respects, our proposal is similar in spirit and in many of the details to the reforms proposed by the co-chairs of President Obama’s Fiscal Commission, Erskine Bowles and Alan Simpson."
Funny how nobody seems to talk about how that commission FAILED, nor the alternative that came out of that commission:
http://schakowsky.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2777
But let's get to the part where they change defined SS benefit to defined contribution:
"Social Security Plus Accounts. Private retirement savings must be encouraged and increased at a young age. Our plan dedicates $8 billion dollars per year to private retirement accounts for people in the workforce and under the age of 30. The federal government would provide up to $500 in matching grants to employer and/or employee contributions to a 401k-style retirement account.
The funds would come from an increase in the Estate Tax and would encourage retirement savings for people at a young age to create a culture of savings and to give modest early accounts time to accumulate."
And Wall Street would get to collect a whole lot of fees as the government pumped more tax payer money into the system over time.
These are the democrats we have to deal with. These are the democrats republicans are saying no to because they don't go far enough.
This is why we need to raze the ground these democrats stand upon and get more people like Elizabeth Warren in, because the realm of the possible should not range between hurt and more hurt.
#13 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Mon 12 Nov 2012 at 02:13 PM
"more people like Elizabeth Warren.."
And Alan Grayson.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7D0Eq7xzLqc
How could I forget Alan Grayson.
#14 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Mon 12 Nov 2012 at 11:07 PM