“I think a lot [of] journalists say there’s something ethically and morally wrong about [p.r.],” The Politico’s publisher, Robert Allbritton, tells Gabe Sherman in The New Republic’s critical analysis of the Beltway’s newest “must-read” news outlet. “I’m like, wait a minute, if you wrote a great story that’s factually accurate, why would you be ashamed of that?”
It’s a good question—and an open one. Journalists often reflexively balk at self-promotion, many of them under the assumption that, if it is to set us free, the truth should also speak for itself. The wall tradition has built—Journalism on the one side, Publicity on the other—remains not only intact, they believe, but also impenetrable. (It’s the story as a means, rather than the story as an end in itself. It’s reporting with an agenda, rather than reporting to learn the truth. Et cetera.)
Which is an attitude, overall, that seems remarkably quaint—not to mention naïve—not to mention self-injurious—in an increasingly Web-based media world of infinite news holes and limited eyeballs. One adopts it at one’s own peril: generally speaking, the only people journalists hurt in shying away from self-promotion are themselves. And, by extension, their stories. (If a piece gets posted, and there’s no one there to hear it…does it make a sound?)
Politico’s success—both financial (after only two years of existence, it’s about to turn a profit) and cultural (the whole “must-read” thing)—is in many ways a testament to the realities of what Sherman’s subhed deems “the brave new world of post-print journalism”: among them, the notion that success comes from impact. Which comes from dissemination. Which comes, quite often, from publicity. “We’re pretty damn methodical about making sure anybody who cares about a story we wrote knows about it,” Jim VandeHei, Politico’s co-editor, tells Sherman. And it’s a strategy that—again, financially, culturally—has, thus far, paid off.
But, then. Subtext. The question that underscores Sherman’s analysis of the fledgling venture—continually suggested, but never answered—is whether Politico’s selling of itself also constitutes, to some degree, selling out. Sherman paints a picture of a publication that straddles the line between journalism and self-promotion. And it’s a line that, as far as some are concerned, the outlet has crossed. Last month, Sherman notes, Wonkette called Politico a “vulgar asshole of a publication” by way of announcing: “We will stop linking to these particularly retarded, trollish articles Politico front-pages just to get a crappy two-minute panel slot on [Anderson Cooper] 360 later in the night.”
Yeah.
Yet if Politico is, indeed—as it’s been widely hailed, by TNR and by many others—a Model for the Future of News, it could augur as well that Future’s general cultural context. Politico’s assumption that dissemination should be an integral part of the journalistic equation (as evidenced by its widespread and “methodical” approach to publicity) heralds the toppling of the traditional wall dividing journalism from PR. The life cycle of a story is no longer the simple reporting-writing-editing-publication; it’s now reporting-writing-editing-publication-syndication-conversation. Which is nothing new, generally speaking—pickup has always been, to some extent, a goal of journalism—but as the Web flattens the relationship between discrete publications, and as the link economy grows, publicity dominates a broader portion of a story’s lifespan. And it becomes an increasingly integral component of news organizations’ business strategies.
The increased influence of influence itself is intensified by the Web’s tendency at once to collapse and expand geographical markets (which is to say, by Web users’ increasing tendency to talk about the same things): the less proprietary our news becomes, the more we have to fight to ensure it gets consumed. No longer can editors and publishers take for granted the notion that publication itself yields eyeballs and impact; for a story to gain traction on the Web, it’s got to extend itself…beyond itself. The Internet demands extroversion.
For Politico, in particular, pickup involves not only the typical Web formula—garnering links (“It’s not content until it’s linked,” Jeff Jarvis says) and getting re-published on high-traffic aggregation platforms like the HuffPost and Drudge—but also moving beyond the Web. It involves parachuting, to mix a metaphor, into that Holy Grail of journalistic influence: TV. “Politico writers and editors are masters of knowing what will make prime time,” Sherman writes. And, per his portrayal, making it to cable—the Great White shark in the journalistic food chain—is the end goal of impact for Politico. In that, the outlet is expanding the definition of “impact” to encompass not just its stories, but also its journalists.
Politico isn’t the only publication to personalize pickup, of course. Nor is it, by any means, the first to define journalistic success according to impact. (Indeed, for journalists, what better metric is there?) What’s striking about Politico, however, and what’s distinctive about it, is the sheer audacity of its pretensions to influence. Sherman describes “the motto around the Politico newsroom”: “to ‘win the morning, win the afternoon’—by which editors mean that Politico’s stories need to be the most talked-about and cited in that day’s news cycle.” Fair enough—again, impact, great—but then, compare that motto to, say, The New York Times’s “all the news that’s fit to print.” It’s not a direct parallel—the space between “official” and “unofficial” is notoriously vast—but, still, it’s remarkable how different the two general approaches are. One outlet defines its mission as printing the news; the other defines its mission as getting talked about. One defines success as being comprehensive in its newsgathering; the other defines it as beating the other guys. With “beating” them meaning not just “doing a better job at newsgathering,” but also—more so?—“getting more exposure than they do.”
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Implicit in this column is the idea that there was a golden age of journalism when newspapers did not have to sell the news. I'm not sure if that age every really existed. William Randolph Hearst preceded Politico by several generations.
Paul Starr, in an excellent piece in TNR, offers a keener and less nostalgic view of the economic forces that are shaping journalistic practice and editorial policy. A near monopoly on the news and a critical position in the relationship between buyers and sellers in the marketplace in an earlier era gave reporters and editors the room they needed to put self-promotion at a distance. In a competitive environment, they have to adopt strategies that will get consumers' attention.
Posted by EAbrahamson on Wed 18 Feb 2009 at 07:30 PM
What's wrong with Politico aggressively promoting its content?
I'm not a huge fan of Politico, but self-promotion is the least of its faults. In principle, any media outlet could hire publicists to hype its output, and maybe more publications should make the investment. Promoting content on the internet is neither nefarious, nor rocket science. It's about building email lists of influential people and writing snappy press releases. If Politico can afford to do it, Mazel Tov.
The problem is that Politico panders to its target audience: Beltway insiders, including journalists and pundits (blog-based and otherwise). It's like crack for the chattering classes. Crack is crack, with our without PR flacks. It's intrinsically addictive and intrinsically unsatisfying. Maybe a few more people would become crackheads if crack had better PR, but ultimately, we'd explain the epidemic in terms or crack not PR.
Which is to say that Politico's zeal for self-promotion is an epiphenomenon.
The news might be a lot better if there were a strict division of labor between editors and publicists. Better delegate to paid professionals than force the editor to be constantly second-guessing whether the news is going to generate readership.
It's cost effective for Politico to pay for the hype because it knows that its target audience is already eager to buy what the magazine is selling, a publicist just has to nudge them in the right direction periodically.
Posted by Lindsay Beyerstein on Wed 18 Feb 2009 at 09:52 PM
In my newspaper days, any good, ambitious print reporter would lobby editors to get a great story on page one, so that it could be seen by as many readers as possible.
In the online world, the lobbying targets are different but the end goal is the same: to try to get great content in front of as many eyeballs as possible.
The process must start with high-quality content, but no, it doesn't end there.
Posted by Sharon Machlis on Thu 19 Feb 2009 at 02:39 PM
@EAbrahamson: I agree that Starr's TNR essay was excellent, and it's certainly true that it's been newspapers' corporate underwriting--and their general monopoly on information--that has most recently afforded them the luxury of doing investigative and other civic-minded work. But, then, I'd note that Starr's discussion of newspapers' prior positions as market intermediaries was merely a premise to his essay's broader argument: that the kind of watchdog-oriented and civic-minded investigations that print ads have allowed newspapers to pursue in the past are precisely what's in danger now that the Web has made market mediation dispensable.
And these are precisely the kinds of investigations that Politico doesn't produce.
Which is not to say that the journalism Politico produces isn't valuable, or that it doesn't have a right to publicize that journalism; of course it is, and of course it does. It is to say, though, that it's not terribly productive for us to treat "publicity" as a single, static entity. To do so is to oversimplify the matter. You're absolutely right that "in a competitive environment, [reporters and editors] have to adopt strategies that will get consumers' attention." But, then, if we allow consumer attention to drive the journalism we produce, how do we ensure that watchdogging gets done along with all the chimp-watching?
@Lindsay: Agreed.
@Sharon: You're right, there's certainly nothing new to the whole eyeballs-are-everything philosophy. And, sure, The Drive For A1 has always been part of print journalism. But Politico is taking the impact philosophy a step further, considering PR concerns not just on the back end, but also on the front: for Politico, it's not just about publicizing the work its journalists have already published, it's about letting publicity concerns affect what they publish in the first place. Politico certainly isn't the first publication to do that. But if we're going to keep declaring Politico a "Model for the Future of News"...then I think it's at least worth questioning the model.
Posted by Megan Garber on Sun 22 Feb 2009 at 07:17 PM