When McMillan moves on to Walmart, she makes the mistake of eating out too often. She lives near family. “I socialized with my sisters,” she writes. After some quick calculations, she finds the money she’s short on rent and gas is about the same she spent while out. She brings home around $220 a week and has to take out a cash advance on her credit card.
She eventually pays off the advance and gets help from her landlord, who lets McMillan pay weekly instead of monthly, thereby making budgeting easier. The landlord also makes a deal with her: do the grocery shopping and we’ll share meals from my part of the list. Over the course of reporting, McMillan finds similar generosity in her co-workers and landlords. “[A]s families eking out a living on very little, they understood the very basic role of food in their, and my, survival,” she writes.
It’s at McMillan’s final stop, a Brooklyn Applebee’s, that she has the most fun working, but experiences the worst personal affront; she’s sexually assaulted by a co-worker’s friend at her going away party. After talking to the police and several witnesses, she lets the matter drop (partly because she was drugged and has little memory of the attack), writing, “I could do something that, for most women in my situation, would be unthinkable. I could just walk away.”
That the perpetrator gets away with it is beyond irritating; it’s maddening. The assault—in the fields there’s something similar she calls “sexual quid pro quo,” and one survey she cites reports 80 percent of farmworking women have experienced some kind of sexual harassment—is one of the things McMillan brings to light, in addition to her difficulties eating well as a lower-middle-class worker. With no purpose for her work other than reporting—no kids to support or “real” bills to pay,” she can split.
McMillan rounds out each section of the book with histories of each type of work she performs, deftly weaving them into her personal narrative. At turns, she chronicles crappy farmhand wages and the rise of machine farming; Walmart’s ascent to the top of the grocery food chain; Applebee’s history from solo restaurant to an enormous chain with 2,000-plus restaurants worldwide; and the ways each of these histories impact the food choices in our lives.
As time wears on, she also becomes borderline apathetic about her own eating habits, preferring to consume Applebee’s food for lunch because she gets a credit that covers what she eats. She eats just one other meal a day while working at the restaurant.
Throughout the book, the prose is crisp, with a to-the-point simplicity that’s graceful and swift. Each section is well researched and the reporting is appropriately deep. And all the problems with the American way of eating—from a lack of food education for many in the populace, to a corporate-dominated farm system that underpays workers, to grocery chains with poor sanitation systems, to name just several—are covered by McMillan to varying degrees.
Food politics stories can be annoying; we hear about the obesity pandemic repeatedly; the first lady’s program to change kids’ eating habits is under attack from the right; and we all have at least one self-proclaimed foodie friend we want to smack. In other words, we’re bombarded with food. But McMillan’s story is one we can’t hear too often, even if there’s an occasional sense of deja vu. When she suggests a political solution akin to Henry Ford’s model of making his own cars affordable for his workers (which is an economic solution that would likely need political backing today) is the ultimate fix for changing the American way of eating, one wonders: Will any politician successfully take up the cause? Or will it end up another casualty of partisan bickering?
Probably. And that’s not just irritating. It’s a shame.
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There are two pressures that shape the American diet.
1. The food budget - you've got to be able to afford the ingredients and equipment to prepare non-processed meals.
2. The time/effort budget - you've got to be able to afford the time and energy to prepare a meal. If you are exhausted from cutting garlic stalks all day, can you afford to sacrifice the time to make good food when you need to rest before starting your shift at your second job?
Unfortunately, for the worker and the poor, the choice between immediate exhaustion and future diabetes is not a really a choice once you hit your physical limits, and those limits are more frequently reached when the value of work drops near or below the cost of living.
Not that we care about those who fall behind the cost of living:
http://www.esquire.com/_mobile/blogs/politics/welfare-reform-revisited-7949859
Meanwhile diabetes is just another externality to the makers of processed food. Chips and doughnuts don't carry a tax to reflect the cost their consumption brings to the medical system, vegetables and fruit don't carry a subsidy to reflect how their consumption can reduce the cost to the medical system.
You can't even get decent school lunches at the cost of "14 cents a meal" extra without "[f]ood companies including ConAgra, Del Monte Foods and makers of frozen pizza like Schwan" accusing the "Agriculture Department" of going "too far in trying to improve nutrition in school lunches."
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/16/us/politics/congress-blocks-new-rules-on-school-lunches.html
Yeah, pink slime is just right for our kids needs. Anything healthier is radical and soshalist.
The American way of eating is driven by cheap labor buying cheap products provided by expensive interests who will generate expensive future costs to society.
As long as society functions on cheap labor serving expensive interests, with the government acting as a facilitator of the transactions, none of this is going to change.
#1 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Wed 11 Apr 2012 at 03:27 PM
Speaking of pink slime:
http://www.balloon-juice.com/2012/04/11/bad-meat-standards/
Whole bunch of worthwhile links to follow in that post.
And on the school lunch front, there are stories about LA school children rejecting healthy lunches and throwing them away. I got suspicious because in some of the reports, in the bottom paragraphs, they talk about how:
"some students said they still are not eating — including those who liked the food at the taste tests.
Andre Jahchan, a 16-year-old sophomore at Esteban Torres High School, said the food was "super good" at the summer tasting at L.A. Unified's central kitchen. But on campus, he said, the chicken pozole was watery, the vegetable tamale was burned and hard, and noodles were soggy.
"It's nasty, nasty," said Andre, a member of InnerCity Struggle, an East L.A. nonprofit working to improve school lunch access and quality. "No matter how healthy it is, if it's not appetizing, people won't eat it.""
So I started wondering if there were issues with food preparation. If the amount of skill required to pull off a good chicken pozole was more than the people - who were accustomed to making buckets of fries and pink slime burgers - had, then perhaps you had a low skill labor problem, not a menu problem. This is an interesting story worth exploring and I found one article that went into the issue a bit:
http://www.laweekly.com/2011-06-16/news/why-los-angeles-school-kids-get-lousy-meals/
A well written and multi-faceted look at how school lunches get done in LA, and it even covers chicken posole (posole, pozole, is a rose by any other name less tasty?).
Bottom line? Kids don't have the time to eat, schools don't have the kitchens to prepare (never mind the qualified staff), and kids don't have the necessary exposure to enjoy healthy foods.
We're teaching kids the American way to eat, and the way is in the microwave for 30 seconds and on the go.
#2 Posted by Thimbles, CJR on Wed 11 Apr 2012 at 08:44 PM
I bought, read, and liked Tracie McMillan's book. And I didn't find in it the superficiality which Riedel seems to think lies within.
I'd hoped she would choose to spend more time (at least twice as much as she did) in each position, but given the physical injuries she suffered in the fields, and the sexual assault she suffered from an Applebee's co-worker, I can't fault her in the least for choosing to limit her time spent in research.
I do fault any intelligent reader who thinks any less of her effort.
#3 Posted by Avery Johnson, CJR on Fri 4 May 2012 at 08:17 PM