So what’s to be done? As the problem is cultural as much as it is journalistic, there’s certainly no easy solution. But here’s one thing that journalism, as a profession and, barring that, a culture, can do: recognize—and advertise—the fact that institutionalism itself is nothing to be ashamed of. And certainly nothing to be hidden from public view. Institutionalism—which is, at its core, infrastructuralized conversation, the Habermasian ideal of discourse ethics brought to life—is, instead, to be embraced. Sure, we Americans may harbor a kind of knee-jerk resentment of large institutions and bureaucracies—and, sure, that resentment, in journalism as in most other aspects of public life, is often eminently justified. But we’ve come to a point—in journalism, at any rate—in which the resentment has blinded us to the myriad benefits of institutionalism. Consider how many of the great achievements of journalism in the past century have been possible not only because of the tenacious work of committed individuals, but also because of the committed support of those individuals by their respective news organizations.
But as newsrooms disintegrate, and as technology enables increasingly individualistic content-distribution strategies, institutional journalism is becoming increasingly rare. Which means, I’d argue, that it’s also becoming increasingly valuable. And that is a point that news organizations need to embrace—and, significantly, publicize.
Instead, though, we’re seeing many news organizations taking the opposite tack: essentially, branding individual journalists by way of humanizing their facelessness. That approach may work on occasion—Nick Kristof at The New York Times, Roger Ebert at the Chicago Sun-Times, etc.—but by and large that individualized branding serves only to legitimize author fixations among audiences. It may help the bottom line in the short term; it may not serve journalism, however, in the long. It may serve, finally, only to further legitimize the cult of the author.
Better, I think, for news organizations to win (and deserve) trust by embracing the collective voice. That doesn’t mean the voiceless voice—objectivity’s “view from nowhere,” in Jay Rosen’s borrowed phrase—but rather the voice of many voices. The institutional voice. The discursive voice. Take Wikipedia, for example, which is authoritative particularly because it is authorless—or because, more precisely, its author function is so intersubjective, as Habermas might say, as to be effectively neutralized in its subjectivity. Indeed, “to understand something like a Wikipedia article,” Clay Shirky writes, “you can’t look for a representative contributor, because none exists. Instead, you have to change your focus, to concentrate not on the individual users but on the behavior of the collective.”
The same may be said of news organizations. Wikipedia, after all, is at its core simply a fully transparent version of what happens in newsrooms: the discussions and debates and yes, buts and have you considereds that result, finally, in a singular narrative. The difference has been the finality of print versus the permanent-beta of the Web post—and the author-suggestion of the byline versus the authorlessness-suggestion of the lack thereof. Wikipedia is so trusted as a source, indeed, that it may actually enjoy more trust than it deserves (cf. the many instances of errored-Wikipedia-entries-accepted-as-fact); the root of that trust, though, is the authority of the collective.
It is that authority that news organizations need to leverage; it is that authority that they need to embrace. Transparency may be the new objectivity; but we need to shift our definition of ‘transparency’: from ‘the revelation of potential biases,’ and toward ‘the revelation of the journalistic process.’ Transparency needs to be about fostering conversation rather than ending it, and about respecting the audience enough to take them into the process of news. To re-imagine news less as a commodity and more as a community.

This is a fantastic analysis. I'm a recent J-school graduate (B.A. from Ithaca College in May '09), and I feel like you've cut to the heart of an issue I've been grappling with since I decided I wanted to be a journalist (or, at least, participate in the production of journalism).
You've said what I've been trying to say (in classes, on my blog, to anyone who will listen) for years, in much better words than I've come up with. Well done!
#1 Posted by Ian, CJR on Thu 4 Mar 2010 at 06:21 PM
Cogent and compelling analysis. Thank you!
#2 Posted by Guy S., CJR on Sat 6 Mar 2010 at 12:05 PM
This is an interesting analysis but I think in the end a flawed analysis. In mass media news organizations, the authorial voice is not and never has been individual--it is institutional. Generations of content analyses have shown the basic homogeneity of news writing. So if people increasingly mistrust news it is not because they mistrust individual by-lines it is because they mistrust the institution. They increasingly believe that the institutional voice of news reporting is there to satisfy the needs of these institutions, and perhaps of reporters' routine sources, more than their own. From this perspective, your proposed solution--to embrace the institutional voice of news writing--is actually the problem, no?
#3 Posted by david ryfe, CJR on Sat 6 Mar 2010 at 01:39 PM
You may enjoy reading this collection about Culture War: Institutions vs. Media.
#4 Posted by Tim, CJR on Sat 6 Mar 2010 at 05:48 PM
There is no such thing as objective reporting. Every journalist and institution has a position. Also, who owns the institution and controls the editing? Why trust the news when it doesn't report the facts or try to get at the truth? To assume that everyone can determine the validity between two positions on everything does not make sense. By presenting every issue with different views as reporting the news, we do a disservice to the public. In Europe, the American public is not seen to get unbiased news and Americans are not trained to evaluate news sources effectively.
#5 Posted by Jacques Nicole, CJR on Sun 7 Mar 2010 at 06:48 PM
Very nice article and there is truth within it. Evidence can be found in NBC News where the network exhibits kit glove handling regarding the Cheney's and Republicans in general (especially David Gregory and Pete Williams due to their personal friendships) and they do not appear to be impartial players. So called independent analysts and experts are usually found to have business or political entanglements in the issues they are invited to discuss. However, I believe the larger issue is that journalists act as stenographers and do not exhibit any cogent or really critical questioning of people and issues. The Sunday morning shows are a perfect example of this after morphing into "hi-brow" People Magazine gatherings years ago. Statements of obvious falsehood are made and accepted without challenge. Spin gets spun and that's okay. The informed viewer is left to wonder - is falsehood accepted because of hidden relationships and common attempts to spread a particular point of view? Or, is it accepted because it is just too hard for the journalist to do his job? In any case, American society suffers and it doesn't look like there are any real efforts underway to resolve the issue.
#6 Posted by bob keskula, CJR on Mon 8 Mar 2010 at 05:29 PM