A “sex addiction epidemic” is unfolding like a plague in the US, according a recent Newsweek cover story—but don’t reach for the chastity belt just yet. The over-stimulated article is weakly reported, superficial, and perpetuates confusion about sexual disorders that researchers in the field have been trying to alleviate.
“Sex addiction” has been a popular story since the publication of Out of the Shadows: Understanding Sexual Addiction, a 1983 conceptual treatise by therapist Patrick Carnes. Newsweek cites an estimate by The Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health, an education and treatment organization co-founded by Carnes, that “between 3 and 5 percent of the U.S. population—or more than 9 million people—could meet the criteria for addiction.”
Carnes (or the society) gave the same estimate to the Minneapolis Star Tribune in 1988, to The Washington Post in 1998, and to The Wall Street Journal in 2008—and stories quoting the media darling have put the estimate of sex addicts in America as high as 16 million.
The real story is about the “criteria for addiction” that Newsweek mentioned, but never explained. The only news is the shameless plug for Shame, a recently released movie about a sex addict, which gets not only a full-page sidebar, but a full paragraph in the story itself. The piece also touts a reality show about sex addicts, Bad Sex, quoting its therapist host. The pandering treatment of Hollywood should be no surprise given that Newsweek’s entertainment reporter, Chris Lee, wrote the article.
The result is the latest installment in a long line of voyeuristic articles (even the accompanying photos smack of soft porn) that crop up every time some Lothario pulls a David Duchovny or a Tiger Woods. It begins with the predictable peeping-Tom lede, which sets its gaze on Valerie, a pseudonymous woman “logging” a laundry list of promiscuous activities.
After mentioning that “‘sex addiction’ remains a controversial designation often dismissed as a myth,” the article drops the quote from Steven Luff asserting that it’s actually “a national epidemic.” Luff, like most of the other sources in the article is the author of a book about dealing with sex addiction and the leader of sex-addiction recovery program. The problem with relying on therapists, as most of the articles over the years have done, rather than qualified experts in academia, is that they have a vested interest in promoting the idea that there’s a widespread problem. The more people believe it, the more money they make.
In fact, the evidence that Lee uses to substantiate the alleged “growth” in sex addiction is the swelling number of sex therapists and treatment centers. Whether that reflects a proliferation of sex addiction or just a proliferation of clever marketing isn’t clear. It becomes readily apparent that Lee isn’t really interested in the answer when he goes on to claim, “This year the epidemic has spread to movies and TV.” That’s the cue for the free advertising mentioned above, after which Lee finally makes an attempt to show that he dug into the scholarly literature. It falls flat.
The bottom half of the article contains four variations of the phrase “research shows ”, none of which specify what research Lee is referring to. In one instance, he mentions “research showing that chronic masturbators who engage with online porn for up to 20 hours a day can suffer a ‘hangover’ as a result of the dopamine drop-off,” and then asserts, “But there are other collateral costs.” Lee doesn’t define those costs, however. Instead, he quotes the head of a Christian website that combats porn addiction, who suggests that looking at online porn will lead you “to do so many things you never thought you’d do.”
Spending twenty hours a day looking at porn is undoubtedly problematic behavior and extremely unhealthy, but allowing that kind of vague, moralistic commentary in a paragraph that purports to be about scientific research is outrageous.
Sexual "compulsions" have been in existence since the dawn of man. The fact that "King Sex Addiction", Patrick Carnes, (a man who, although lacking in clinical acumen, is a marketing maven “par-excellance) dubbed the age-old dilemma a of bad sexual behavior "sex addiction" in the 80's is unfortunate from the point of view of its lack of credence in the DSM-IV. (We'll see what the DSM-V is going to do about the situation.
On the other hand, thousands of folks who have suffered from a driving, irresistible, destructive compulsion to indulge whatever their particular sexual scenario is, have been helped by using the addiction MODEL that has served the AA community so well. The clinical community does see sex addiction as a cross between OCD and an impulse-control disorder. But that lingo isn’t particularly helpful to the person who suffers from out-of-control sexual behavior. I think people respond more viscerally to “addiction”. The fact is, that’s how most people afflicted with this syndrome experience it.
The standard definition of addiction includes “continued use despite adverse consequences”, distress/shame after acting out, and an impairment in functioning in the areas of work and love. Sexual compulsives have all three in spades. So what’s the harm in the label “sex addiction”?
Diagnosis is very, very sticky. The diagnosis can’t be made just from knowing about the person’s sexual behaviors. We have to be careful not to place subjective moral judgments on an individual's sexual peccadilloes. Therapists need to look at the overall structure of the personality. Usually, where there’s sex addiction, there’s some hostility being expressed, an intolerance of strong negative feelings that become sexualized (I know I’d rather feel sexually excited than depressed, lonely or enraged), ease with compartmentalization (The “Dr. Jeckyl/Mr. Hyde” syndrome), a developmental arrest that “freezes” the person at the adolescent stage, and problems with interpersonal relations.
I agree that the “Newsweek” article was somewhat shoddy. But don’t blame the reporter for the fact that academicians and scholars haven’t produced clinically substantial research that would give scientific validity to the concept and dynamics of “sex addiction.” It’s a shame, because the suffering people experience is very real. I don’t know if it’s an epidemic, but it does seems as though the commercialization of the Internet in the early 90’s has had a significant effect on how we, as a culture, define our sexuality.
D. Hayden, LCSW
Sex Addiction Therapist
www.sextreatment.com
#1 Posted by Dorothy Hayden, LCSW, CJR on Fri 16 Dec 2011 at 04:04 PM
I am the wife of a recovering sex addict and I agree . . . the addiction is VERY real. My hubby had a tough abusive childhood (as we all know, pretty typical of anyone with addictions) and this is the way that he suffers. We both suffer from it.
My experience with this has shown me that it is an addiction that is growing and more and more people are dealing with this. There are a lot of therapists out there now because people need help. I'll never forget that when my hubby was in crisis I couldn't find a therapist to help us because all the therapists that specialized in sex addictions were too booked up. It was so hard getting him the help he needed.
We eventually did however find a fantastic therapist that truly saved his life. With the right addiction treatment he is doing great . . . actually he is like a new person.
I just think that it is great that there is so much discussion around this topic lately. Discussions lead to awareness and that can only be a good thing.
Check out my story on my new blog . . .
http://mishkawifeofsexaddict.blogspot.com/
#2 Posted by Mishka's Life, CJR on Sun 18 Dec 2011 at 03:17 AM
So Dorothy, you treat sex addiction, and call it sex addiction. You want people to understand that it is not simply "bad sexual behavior." You seem to appreciate and understand concepts like Eroticized Rage and Compartmentalization...might I suggest the CSAT training? If you could get past the marketing, I bet you'd benefit from Dr Carnes' clinical acumen!
Bill Bercaw, PsyD, CSAT, CST
http://www.californiacenterforhealing.com
#3 Posted by Bill Bercaw, PsyD, CSAT, CST, CJR on Tue 20 Dec 2011 at 08:47 AM
Bill -
I'd do the CSAT in a heartbeat -- there's always more to learn -- but competition has depleted my case load numbers, and I can't afford it! Not for now, anyway.
Nothing against Dr. Carnes, really, I was just being snotty. I trained with him 10 years ago.
Thanks for replying.
#4 Posted by Dorothy Hayden, LCSW, CJR on Wed 21 Dec 2011 at 08:06 PM
"Sex addiction" is a terrible name. Like too much in modern psychology, it covers a uselessly broad spectrum of behaviors and internal processes, it has moralistic overtones because of the cultural baggage that has accrued to the word 'addiction', and it is more useful for demonizing people than for helping people with real problems that are expressed in sexual ways that harm the person's quality of life.
This is an area that requires more rigor, more scientific thinking, and a better ability to match normal words to observable behaviors than most psychologists seem to possess.
#5 Posted by E. Manhattan, CJR on Fri 23 Dec 2011 at 06:28 PM
Hi I'm Glenn and I have Hypersexual Disorder I am an Alcoholic and a drug addict. Had two deep depressions, never pair bonded severe brain damage from bad street drugs, no friends, and a wonderful daughter. A social phobia general fear of everything. so who cares...
If you do think your a sex addict i suggest not only reading Martin P. Kafka, proposal to included Hyrersexual Disorder in to the DSM 5 but study it as well.
Happy New Year well at least personal peace...
#6 Posted by Glenn, CJR on Sat 31 Dec 2011 at 02:40 PM