Paying for information is, among American journalists, generally regarded as falling in the same moral category as paying for sex. True reporters get their information cleanly and by the sweat of their brow, not by waving around soiled Andrew Jacksons. As the New York Times’s ethics policy puts it, “We do not pay for interviews or unpublished documents: to do so would create an incentive for sources to falsify material .”
As a former writer for Brill’s Content, where I was one of founder Steve Brill’s ethical shock troops, I subscribed to that logic for many years. I felt dirty every time a source inquired about the possibility of payment for an interview or documents: Of course not. What sort of reporter do you think I am?
And then a couple things happened as I went about my career not paying anybody for information: I didn’t break the story of how British members of Parliament had been paying for the upkeep of moats around their second homes as taxpayer-financed expenses, a scandal that helped bring down the Labour government. That honor went to The Daily Telegraph, which reportedly paid between $210,000 and $420,000 for a spreadsheet containing years’ worth of egregious expense reports.
Then I failed to break the story of the former presidential candidate who spawned a love-child behind the back of his cancer-stricken wife and made a sex tape with the mistress while repeatedly lying about the affair and cajoling his billionaire backers into paying her hush money. No, The National Enquirer—which avowedly pays for information—broke the John Edwards story under the noses of the mainstream political reporters who covered him day in and day out. (The Enquirer says it never doled out any money on the Edwards story, but do you believe them?)
And of course I missed out on acquiring an unretouched photo from a Redbook cover shoot proving just how radically and creepily women’s magazines use Photoshop to digitally hack away at their subjects. Jezebel, the sister site of my current employer, Gawker, paid $10,000 for that in 2007.
All of the above stories were true and important. None of them are less correct, or less pure, because filthy lucre was involved. And it’s not certain that any of them would have come to light absent a monetary inducement. Ethical squeamishness aside, if paying for evidence of massive and systemic abuses of the public trust is wrong, then I don’t want to be right.
The main objection to paying sources is that it corrupts the final product. Paying people to talk to you creates a powerful incentive for them to say what you want to hear. That’s certainly true in the case of interviews and testimony, and I don’t think it’s advisable to pay someone to tell their story. But for information or documents that can be independently verified, it’s hard to see how the potential for a payday is different from the myriad other incentives there are for sources of news to invent or twist the information they provide to reporters. The New York Times understands that sources lie to its reporters for ideological or commercial reasons—indeed, it happens every day, and on most occasions, the Times’s estimable reporters are able to filter out the junk info. Everyone who ever provided a leaked document to the Times had an agenda, whether it was political or moral or personal. But if that agenda involves a check? The Times wouldn’t think of it.
Another reason upright defenders of journalistic propriety oppose payouts is that they’re often delivered under the table, hidden from the consumer. Television programs routinely mask such transactions by claiming that video or photographs were “licensed.” (No, we are not paying the Octomom to sit down exclusively with the Today show—we don’t pay for interviews. We do, however, need B-roll of the octuplets playing with mommy, and of course it is our practice to compensate license-holders for the use of their copyrighted material.)
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Meh. Sorry, but I'm not convinced that a general principle is negated by a few instances of "Well, they're doing it!"
Is it possible that some stories might slip under the radar if certain sources never got paid? Possible. Does that mean that all sources should get paid, or that it should be a practice that is encouraged? That's another argument entirely. The original point that encouraging paying sources for stories would encourage sources to provide false information is still a valid criticism. The fact that good journalism *can* be done rarely guarantees that it *will* get done. There's plenty of misinformation in the news as it is. As a few isolated incidents, I don't necessarily think this practice is world-shattering, but as an industry-wide practice that occurs on a daily basis, it seems to provide too much incentive for bad things. Sources are more tempted to lie and journalists, for fear of buyer's remorse, would be more hesitant to not print a story if they discover it's untrue after paying for it.
It's a can of worms that need not be opened, regardless of the bitter sting that may come from a few other folks doing so successfully.
I'm sorry you missed out on those stories, but that doesn't mean the principle isn't worth holding on to.
#1 Posted by TheException, CJR on Thu 2 Jun 2011 at 01:28 PM
Or, yeah, Mr. Cook, you could have probably done some reporting on Senator Ensign, a sitting senator who had his parents pay off the husband of his lover, and browbeat his constituents into giving him a job as a lobbyist to keep him quiet.
Or hey, you could have reported on Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist's sketchy dealings with Medicare Part D and his very, very good fortune in the stock market with hospital and pharma stocks, managed by his brother, during his term in the Senate.
Or hey, you could have done some reporting on John Boener's bribery on the House floor during the final vote on Medicare Part D.
If you had put in the effort. You probably wouldn't have had to pay for the those stories, either.
#2 Posted by James, CJR on Thu 2 Jun 2011 at 07:09 PM
While they are busy going out of business for lack of revenue, you propose to have news outlets pay sources. Well I for one think it is as Great Idea! And I also belief that when a news outlet publishes a story which is essentially a press release ands might as well be ad copy, they should get paid. Instead the individual journalist take the kick-backs in the for of access and actual payment while their employer (the news outlet) goes unpaid.
The business models of journalism are broken. Let's start over with something a bit more honest and transparent.
#3 Posted by TimothywMurray, CJR on Sun 5 Jun 2011 at 04:48 PM
The Enquirer says it never doled out any money on the Edwards story, but do you believe them?
Is there any reason not to believe them? This is a hell of an insinuation to be tossing around.
I don't read the Enquirer and never will - but have they ever lied about paying sources for information? If so, let's hear it. If not, then what the Hell are you doing?
#4 Posted by padikiller, CJR on Sun 5 Jun 2011 at 04:56 PM
Excellent thinking, and very much on par with Jeff Jarvis's far-reaching vision. Perchance, we shall live to see the day when all news is paid for by the outlet that publishes it, but no reporters are.
Truly a journalistic paradise awaits us.
#5 Posted by Edward Ericson Jr., CJR on Mon 6 Jun 2011 at 01:53 PM
How can you reach John Cook these days? Does anyone know his email address?
#6 Posted by Michael, CJR on Fri 8 Jul 2011 at 09:06 PM