In July 2009, just months after President Obama took office promising to revolutionize government transparency, leaders of the Society of Environmental Journalists participated in an hour-long conference call with public-affairs staffers working for Lisa Jackson, the new head of the Environmental Protection Agency. Jackson’s office wanted to hear what the reporters’ gripes were when it came to access, and Christy George, then the society’s president, and her colleagues obliged, outlining their most persistent problems: the requirement to seek permission for interviews with agency scientists and experts, and difficulty arranging those interviews; the requirement to have press officers, or “minders,” on the phone during interviews; and the glacial pace of processing Freedom of Information Act requests. Jackson’s assistants asked for the benefit of the doubt. “We’re not the Bush administration,” George recalled them saying. “Those days are left behind.”
For a while it seemed that might be true. The agency finally released a ruling, suppressed by the administration of George W. Bush, which states that greenhouse gas emissions endanger public welfare by contributing to climate change, and therefore can be regulated under the Clean Air Act. And it took smaller but appreciated measures, like opening more lines on press calls to accommodate reporters from smaller outlets and conducting those calls later in the day to accommodate reporters on the West Coast.
Unfortunately, the honeymoon was short-lived. One of the first signs of distress came during a January 2010 press call to discuss the EPA’s new budget. The agency surprised reporters by declaring that everyone on the line except Jackson was speaking on background. When members of the Society of Environmental Journalists (SEJ) later complained, two press officers conceded that the on-background rule was foolish, as George reported in an issue of group’s quarterly newsletter. Yet the agency pulled the same stunt three months later. Then things got even worse.
Responding to President Obama’s Open Government Directive, which ordered executive departments and agencies to “take specific actions to implement the principles of transparency, participation, and collaboration,” the EPA launched two websites to solicit public comments about how to fulfill that obligation. In March 2010, SEJ weighed in with a list of nine recommendations. Days later, during the group’s next conference call with the agency, Adora Andy, the EPA press secretary at the time, “scolded us for daring to comment publicly on their transparency policies,” says Ken Ward Jr., chairman of the group’s Freedom of Information Task Force, who participated in the call. Moreover, Andy threatened to break off the discussions between the EPA and the society (she never did, and the talks are ongoing). “I was shocked,” says Ward, a reporter at The Charleston Gazette in West Virginia. “Here we were talking about concerns that journalists have about the lack of transparency. Then we dutifully submit public comments about the way we thought they should interact with the press, and EPA hammers us for it. To me, it showed that EPA just doesn’t get transparency.”
Ward isn’t the only one feeling let down. After Obama issued a number of directives designed to improve general transparency and access on his first day in office, he homed in on science, the environment, and public health as areas needing particular improvement. The focus was a no-brainer. The Bush administration had earned a reputation for quashing the free flow of scientific information. In what became the most infamous example of its meddling, top NASA climate scientist James Hansen told The New York Times in 2006 that the administration had tried to stop him from speaking out about the threat of global warming by ordering the space agency’s public affairs staff to review his upcoming lectures, papers, and online postings. Today, a slew of reporters complain that such gag orders are still a problem and that transparency and access to information is often just as bad, if not worse in some cases, than it was under the Bush administration.

Excellent article!
These uniform policies across government establish one-way information flows (us to you) and tightly control media efforts to get off the government-written story line. That's only possible when government scientists are not afraid to publicly speak their minds on controversial matters of public interest -- the last thing their bosses want to let happen.
The situation has been worsening since the Clinton Administration in my experience (mostly with FDA), and it's heading in an Orwellian direction, which means unhealthy use of media control techniques pioneered in totalitarian regimes (think Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union). So long as these government filters and barriers are introduced gradually and informally, rising generations of new journalists will know no better, and their acceptance will be inevitable.
#1 Posted by Jim Dickinson, CJR on Wed 14 Sep 2011 at 03:30 PM
Want to "make science accessible"? Get the federal govt out of the way. ("First, do no harm.") For starters, abolish said agencies; they do much more harm than good.
#2 Posted by Dan A., CJR on Wed 14 Sep 2011 at 04:43 PM
The process of forcing reporters to go through the press office in order to speak to a staff member is brand new in historic terms. It began incrementally under the Clinton Administration, it went on steroids under Bush, and the Obama administration has held on to it fiercely.
These rules don’t apply to special interest groups, campaign donors, contractors, grantees, etc.
People (in this case staff members and reporters) who may not speak to each other without reporting the conversations to the authorities are under harsh censorship and it inevitably impacts the journalism. We, reporters, don’t know what staff members are not saying because the public information guards are tracking or monitoring who talks to whom, and in most cases, what is said. But it is probably often so much that our stories are weak or missing the point.
So the question becomes why is the Obama administration doing this when the George H.W. Bush administration did not?
#3 Posted by Kathryn Foxhall, CJR on Wed 14 Sep 2011 at 11:14 PM
There are a number of very legitimate reasons why large organizations, including government agencies at all levels, and including large businesses, have designated people to deal with the press.
First of all, a reporter is apt to grab hold of someone to interview who doesn't know anything, or gives wrong information, or is otherwise unqualified to speak to the issue at hand. Then the reporter gets the story wrong. Having a communications team to deal with the press isn't inherently dishonest as you, and some of your commenters, imply, Mr. Brainard.
Secondly, reporters too often get their quotes and their interviews dead wrong. It is particularly a problem when you have a person who is inexperienced in dealing with the press who doesn't know how reporters twist words and splice quotes to fit a storyline they are working on. It becomes a distraction for everyone, and should be an embarrassment for the reporter.
Third, people who work for large organizations are generally extremely busy working on their own (relatively) narrow responsibilities, and don't have time to be bothered with random phone calls from random reporters asking questions about subjects in which they have little knowledge. That's why large organizations and government entities have designated press people who are trained to deal with you newshounds, and whose responsibility it is to accommodate your need for information.
I've asked you several times in the past, Mr. Brainard, to define "transparency," that generic cliche which, in my estimation, you haven't really defined in a rational way. Maybe you don't really know what you mean. You grouse regularly about White House "lack of transparency" but I don't really know what you mean.
#4 Posted by James, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 02:09 AM
"That information would not have come out under the Bush administration."
Opinion, not fact. Not hard to tell the difference, either. Counterfactuals are worth the paper they're written on.
#5 Posted by Richard Aubrey, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 09:08 AM
Ah, the naivete of Democratic leaning journalists. They all sound so surprised at being treated this way by the Obama administration. Look folks, this behavior is exactly in line with what was expected by anyone honestly appraising Obama before his election. He's a community organizer rooted on the left wing. Journalists in 08 simply failed to do any serious analysis of what type of person he is; now they are surprised. This whole article reveals a lot more about the failings of journalists than those of the Obama administration.
Journalists - take your blinders off and learn to compensate for your innate prejudices.
#6 Posted by EyesWideOpen, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 09:10 AM
This thread may have set a Godwin's Law record. Kudos. FWIW, North Korea, which is in it's own league when it comes to media control, would probably have been a better (if hyperbolic) example.
"top NASA climate scientist James Hansen told The New York Times in 2006 that the administration had tried to stop him from speaking out about the threat of global warming"
Is there anyone reading this who is even remotely unfamiliar with James Hansen's position on AGW? The idea that Hansen has been "gagged" is too risible to argue about. Saying you can't speak on behalf of your employer is not the same thing as saying you can't speak at all.
#7 Posted by J, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 09:59 AM
Unfortunately "top NASA climate scientist James Hansen" is a professional alarmist and major-league crank. Giving a guy like that free rein to operate under official government cover (and make gobs of money while doing it) is an indictment of the way the government "does" science.
One can be a fan of scientific method, or a fan of Jim Hansen, but not both. So where does the reporter stand?
#8 Posted by tom swift, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 12:52 PM
Are the editors at Columbia Journalism Review going to allow these rightwing crazies to smear and assassinate the character of a respected scientist like this? It's outrageous.
These people come over and piss all over your comment threads with smears, lies, and attacks every day and you do nothing. You used to get a some pretty good conversations going but you have allowed these people to shut down intelligent discourse almost completely. Can't you do *something*?
#9 Posted by James, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 01:01 PM
This is a very useful article. I too am disappointed that so many people believe "transparency" has been reduced under the Obama Administration. But suggesting that formalized database access programs and use of social media are somehow being used to cover for increased clamp-down on access seems a bit farfetched.
I think anytime you involve press officers in trying to manage access to sensitive information -- and much of the information still being researched is sensitive and has significant public health, industry, and environmental costs associated with it -- you'll generate a belief that somehow it is possible to control access to information. What is happening though is that with younger researchers and their use of social media you see research information being discussed more openly in ways that end-run traditional peer review or agency policy controls.
Just as it's unrealistic to attempt to control all agency scientists' communication with the press, it's unrealistic for agencies to believe that research findings can be completely bottled up till some final publication is reviewed and approved through some formal process. That's just not how science works. If we overdramatize the back and forth jousting of agencies and journalists we may be ignoring how much communication may already be taking place on a day to day basis.
So, yes, I believe that a journalist (or any citizen) should be able to pick up the phone and call anyone on the government payroll and expect a civil response about what the scientist is working on without Big Brother peering over his or her shoulder.
At the same time, the scientist shouldn't be pushed to release unverified, incomplete, or preliminary information that is still undergoing analysis or scientific review. I don't call that censorship, I call that being conservative about methodology and reporting -- especially if you know the political and industrial sharks are circling, ready to pounce.
Dennis D. McDonald, Ph.D.
Alexandria, Virginia
http://www.ddmcd.com
#10 Posted by Dennis D. McDonald, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 04:01 PM
James writes: Are the editors at Columbia Journalism Review going to allow these rightwing crazies to smear and assassinate the character of a respected scientist like [James Hansen]? It's outrageous.
"These people come over and piss all over your comment threads with smears, lies, and attacks every day and you do nothing. You used to get a some pretty good conversations going but you have allowed these people to shut down intelligent discourse almost completely. Can't you do *something*?
#9 Posted by James on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 01:01 PM
POT, SEE KETTLE.
Besides, James "Coal Trian are Death Trains" Hansen is very much an extreme outlier (ie, that's science-speak for the pejorative term "extremist"), projecting NYC underwater because of sea level rise.
No one else agrees with him; in fact, official estimates have come down with each and every IPCC report.
But then, do "extremists" ever learn? Unlikely. Thus, even Hansen isn't newsworthy anymore.
#11 Posted by Orson, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 08:48 PM
CJR is getting as bad as CNN -- hamstrung by some misguided notion of "free speech" that allows these rightwingers to hijack the site with incessant and aggressive lies, distortions, attacks, and stalking. This only serves to suppress intelligent discourse by driving away people who want to comment on your postings but are daunted, discouraged, or just plain bored by constant and repetitive inflammatory and untrue attacks by your tiresome trolls. It doesn't have to be like that. Look to the New York Times for guidance.
May I remind the site editors at CJR about their own Comments Policy:
(quote)
We ask our readers to express opinions in a manner respectful to the readers and writers of CJR. Criticism of ideas is strongly encouraged, but personal, ad hominem attacks will result in deletion of posted comments and, after one repeat violation, banning of the individual user. CJR reserves the right to edit or delete, for reasons of content, comments submitted to CJR.
Commenting Rules
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(unquote)
#12 Posted by James, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 10:45 PM
James, you call Hansen "a repected scientist"?
There's your problem! Hansen isn't a scientist, he is a "climate scientist". Very different animals.
A scientist is someone who follows the Scientific Method. That requires allowing independent verification of one's work by making the raw data, computer codes, algorithms, etc., available to anyone who wants to know if the claims made are accurate. But "climate scientists" keep their data and methods secret as POLICY - they are not scientists.
Steve McIntyre at ClimateAudit for years - even before Climategate - exposed this policy by the leading lights of the CAGW movement: Michael Mann and the Hockey Team, Hansen, Phil Jones, Keith Briffa, Lonnie Thompson, and all the core IPCC "lead authors".
The reason for the policy of secret data and methods has become clear when they are discovered (like Mann's "CENSORED" ftp directory) or forced out (like Briffa's Yamal data by a Royal Society publication) - the raw data is cherry picked, then massaged with phony statistical methods, or just literally turned upside down. Phrases like 'short-centered PCA', 'Yamal', and 'Upside Down Tijlander' are infamous among those who have dared take an honest look behind the "climate science" curtain.
"The Hockey Stick Illusion: Climategate and the Corruption of Science" by Andrew Montford is a very readable history of the CAGW movement up to the release of the Climategate emails. You should try reading it, unless you like being willfully ignorant.
#13 Posted by Andrew Russell, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 10:54 PM
Hey James, sounds like you are just begging for someone to call you the Whambulance.
Oh, I think I hear it coming for you now (wahhhhh wahhhhh).
BTW, James Hansen has gone from semi-respectable scientist to batshit raving loonatic.
I blame global warming.
#14 Posted by Mike H, CJR on Thu 15 Sep 2011 at 11:24 PM
To CJR Editors,
It doesn't reflect well upon your site when you allow these obviously mentally deranged people to piss all over your threads and attack those who who wish to comment and address the substance of the content. I sincerely hope that you do not allow your site to turn into a cesspool of deranged ignorance like Politico, Yahoo, and Washington Post has done. But your content and your journalists are better than what your site has allowed to happen to the comment threads.
You Editors may not be that interested in your legitimate commenter's input, and that's fine, you might consider whether you really want unmoderated commenting. I for one have enjoyed reading comments on this site by respected journalists in the past. Those times seem to be gone, and I have to think that the ugly attack trolls around here have been a factor there. There are plenty of sites with curated input and maybe that's an option.
Submitted for your thoughtful consideration.
#15 Posted by James, CJR on Fri 16 Sep 2011 at 10:04 AM
@ James,
This one's for you.
#16 Posted by Mike H, CJR on Fri 16 Sep 2011 at 10:37 AM
Maybe you need to moderate the climate slanging out of the discussion.
What worries me, as an independent science/environmental journalist, is that public agencies appear to be circumventing the press by pretending that putting material on the web satisfies their obligations regarding transparency and disclosure. Nothing can substitute for an experienced reporter asking direct questions of knowledgeable sources.
And for James, a little beef. James wrote:
"First of all, a reporter is apt to grab hold of someone to interview who doesn't know anything, or gives wrong information, or is otherwise unqualified to speak to the issue at hand. Then the reporter gets the story wrong."
Reporters do get stories wrong. The way to minimize this is to support reporters who have the education and experience to know what questions to ask, and for public agencies TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. Personally, I spend quite a bit of time figuring out who the best sources for my story would be, what their areas of expertise are, what they've published, and so on, before I even attempt contact. In my experience, the press officers at the federal level know far less about the issues I'm writing about than I do, and they don't even know how to identify the best sources for me within their own organizations.
#17 Posted by valerie, CJR on Mon 19 Sep 2011 at 03:03 PM
Just Science is not transparent under Obama? Goh-lee Wil-bur. Obviously, nothing Obama has done has been transparent. Not just Science.
#18 Posted by Paul A'Barge, CJR on Thu 18 Oct 2012 at 02:30 PM